Publications by authors named "Sheffield V"

Importance: Disruptive workplace behaviours (DWBs) between healthcare professionals compromise patient care quality and organisational culture, impacting staff morale, communication and teamwork. Residents are particularly vulnerable to it from nurses and supervisors.

Objective: Elucidate factors associated with DWBs experienced by residents.

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Background: Mistreatment from patients is prevalent and has far-reaching negative consequences.

Aim: To develop a practice-based curriculum on patient-initiated mistreatment and examine participant perceptions before and after the curriculum.

Setting: Single medical school in the United States.

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Article Synopsis
  • There are concerns that biased practices in medical education contribute to health disparities, but resources to address these issues are limited.
  • A toolkit and faculty development workshop were created using Kern's curriculum development steps to improve the integration of diversity, equity, inclusion, advocacy, and justice (DEIAJ) in medical education.
  • Post-workshop surveys indicated that participants, mostly medical faculty, felt more confident and recognized the importance of DEIAJ in their teaching materials.
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Problem: Mistreatment of health care workers and learners by patients and their families is prevalent at all levels of training. This mistreatment has negative consequences and disproportionately affects women and historically marginalized and excluded groups.

Approach: The authors designed and piloted a preliminary practice-based curriculum consisting of a discussion of literature, a framework for responding to mistreatment in the moment, and interactive simulated mistreatment encounters with trained patient actors.

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Despite the known benefits of lactation, lactating graduate medical education (GME) trainees encounter difficulties when returning to work. Wearable lactation pumps are known to be beneficial in lactating physicians, but the benefit for GME trainees in clinical care and education has not been explored. The objective of this study was to examine the benefits of wearable lactation pumps on education and clinical care for GME trainees.

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Despite the growing presence of women and historically underrepresented groups in academic medicine, significant disparities remain. This article examines a key aspect of these disparities: biases in assessment and learning environments. Reviewing current literature, including in OBGYN, reveals persistent gender and racial biases in subjective clinical narrative assessments.

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Mutations in myocilin (MYOC) are the leading known genetic cause of primary open-angle glaucoma, responsible for about 4% of all cases. Mutations in MYOC cause a gain-of-function phenotype in which mutant myocilin accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leading to ER stress and trabecular meshwork (TM) cell death. Therefore, knocking out myocilin at the genome level is an ideal strategy to permanently cure the disease.

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The BBSome, a complex of several Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) proteins including BBS1, has emerged as a critical regulator of energy homeostasis. Although the BBSome is best known for its involvement in cilia trafficking, through a process that involve BBS3, it also regulates the localization of cell membrane receptors underlying metabolic regulation. Here, we show that inducible gene deletion selectively in proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons cause a gradual increase in body weight, which was associated with higher fat mass.

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Mutations in myocilin () are the leading known genetic cause of primary open-angle glaucoma, responsible for about 4% of all cases. Mutations in cause a gain-of-function phenotype in which mutant myocilin accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leading to ER stress and trabecular meshwork (TM) cell death. Therefore, knocking out myocilin at the genome level is an ideal strategy to permanently cure the disease.

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This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of gender-based differences in disruptive behaviors (DBs) among trainee physicians to shed light on the extent and nature of the problem. Using a national cross-sectional design, data were collected through a web-based, self-administered questionnaire administered to post-graduate first-year (PGY1) and second-year (PGY2) residents participating in the General Medicine Intermittent Examination (GM-ITE). A total of 5,403 participants, representing a response rate of 71.

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Objectives: Despite their overrepresentation, female physicians continue to have lower rates of promotion compared with male physicians. Teaching evaluations play a role in physician advancement. Few studies have investigated gender disparity in resident evaluations of pediatric faculty.

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Background: Chief residents (CRs) have pivotal educational and leadership roles in residency programs. The necessary CR leadership skills that transcend specialties have not been defined and most training on these skills occurs in silo.

Objective: The primary goal was to define leadership skills important for the general CR role.

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Blindness in Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is caused by dysfunction and loss of photoreceptor cells in the retina. , mutations of which account for approximately 21% of all BBS cases, encodes a chaperonin protein indispensable for the assembly of the BBSome, a cargo adaptor important for ciliary trafficking. The loss of BBSome function in the eye causes a reduced light sensitivity of photoreceptor cells, photoreceptor ciliary malformation, dysfunctional ciliary trafficking, and photoreceptor cell death.

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Objective: The essential role of mitochondria in regulation of metabolic function and other physiological processes has garnered enormous interest in understanding the mechanisms controlling the function of this organelle. We assessed the role of the BBSome, a protein complex composed of eight Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) proteins, in the control of mitochondria dynamic and function.

Methods: We used a multidisciplinary approach that include CRISPR/Cas9 technology-mediated generation of a stable Bbs1 gene knockout hypothalamic N39 neuronal cell line.

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Background: Previous work has demonstrated letters of recommendation for women in academic medicine are shorter and emphasize communal traits over grindstone or agentic traits.

Objective: To determine if there are sex-based differences in letters of recommendation written for applicants applying to pulmonary critical care medicine fellowships and if the sex of the letter writer impacts these differences.

Methods: All fellowship applications submitted to a pulmonary critical care medicine fellowship program in 2020 were included in this study.

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Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a multi-organ autosomal-recessive disorder caused by mutations in at least 22 different genes. A constant feature is early-onset retinal degeneration leading to blindness. Among the most common forms is BBS type 10 (BBS10), which is caused by mutations in a gene encoding a chaperonin-like protein.

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Article Synopsis
  • Primary cilia are rod-shaped structures on most neurons in the mammalian brain, crucial for signaling and linked to various neurological disorders when dysfunctional.
  • Research shows that disrupting the localization of the dopamine receptor 1 (D) in these cilia contributes to obesity in mice, mainly due to decreased locomotor activity rather than increased food consumption.
  • The study highlights the significant role of neuronal cilia in maintaining proper GPCR signaling, which is essential for normal neurological function and overall behavior.
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Article Synopsis
  • - The rise of infectious SARS-CoV-2 variants has created a need for fast and accessible COVID-19 testing, but current testing methods are limited by shortages of essential supplies and healthcare personnel, prompting the development of a simple spit test called Patient Self-Collection of Sample-CoV2.
  • - This testing method involves self-collecting deep throat sputum without swabs, utilizing a specific extraction method and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect the virus and evaluate its sensitivity, specificity, and detection limits.
  • - Results indicate this spit-test accurately identified all 42 confirmed COVID-19 cases, demonstrating a 100% sensitivity and specificity, and proving to be effective on a college campus setting
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Due to their similarities in anatomy, physiology, and pharmacology to humans, mice are a valuable model system to study the generation and mechanisms modulating conventional outflow resistance and thus intraocular pressure. In addition, mouse models are critical for understanding the complex nature of conventional outflow homeostasis and dysfunction that results in ocular hypertension. In this review, we describe a set of minimum acceptable standards for developing, characterizing, and utilizing mouse models of open-angle ocular hypertension.

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The primary cilium is a highly specialized and evolutionary conserved organelle in eukaryotes that plays a significant role in cell signaling and trafficking. Over the past few decades tremendous progress has been made in understanding the physiology of cilia and the underlying pathomechanisms of various ciliopathies. Syndromic ciliopathies consist of a group of disorders caused by ciliary dysfunction or abnormal ciliogenesis.

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