Effect of penetration enhancers on gel formulation of Zidovudine: in vivo and ex vivo studies.

To overcome many challenges associated with antiretroviral drug therapy, novel drug delivery systems present an opportunity for formulation scientists to improve the management of patients with HIV/AIDS. The purpose of this study was to prepare a transdermal delivery system for zidovudine using different penetration enhancers incorporated in carbopol 971P gel and to evaluate the same for rheology, percent drug content, drug deposition, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo permeation across rat skin. The rheology studies indicated that 1% w/w carbopol gel had a higher linear viscoelastic region, good creep recovery, and desirable viscosity.

Biocompatible gellan gum-reduced gold nanoparticles: cellular uptake and subacute oral toxicity studies.

Currently gold nanoparticles are being explored for drug delivery and other biomedical applications; therefore it is necessary to study the fate of such nanoparticles inside the body. The objective of the present study was to investigate the cellular uptake and toxicity of the gold nanoparticles synthesized using a microbial polysaccharide, gellan gum, as a capping and reducing agent. The cellular uptake of gold nanoparticles was studied on mouse embryonic fibroblast cells, NIH3T3 and human glioma cell line, LN-229.

Cytotoxicity of sophorolipid-gellan gum-gold nanoparticle conjugates and their doxorubicin loaded derivatives towards human glioma and human glioma stem cell lines.

Biocompatible gold nanoparticles were synthesized by using a naturally occurring gum--Gellan Gum--as a capping and reducing agent. These were further conjugated with sophorolipids which again were accessed through a biochemical transformation of a fatty acid. The cellular uptake of sophorolipid-conjugated gellan gum reduced gold nanoparticles and their cytotoxicity on human glioma cell line LN-229 and human glioma stem cell line HNGC-2 were investigated.

Acute and subacute toxicity studies of chitosan reduced gold nanoparticles: a novel carrier for therapeutic agents.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the oral toxicity of chitosan reduced gold nanoparticles so as to demonstrate its applicability for drug delivery application. Acute oral toxicity studies in female rats documented no deaths or treatment related complications. The LD50 value of gold nanoparticles was found to be greater than 2000 mg/kg.

Ternary complexation of carvedilol, beta-cyclodextrin and citric acid for mouth-dissolving tablet formulation.

The purpose of this study was to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of carvedilol by forming a ternary complex with beta-cyclodextrin and citric acid and to formulate its mouth-dissolving tablets. The rationale for preparing mouth-dissolving tablet of carvedilol was to make the drug available in a soluble form in the mouth, which would facilitate its absorption from the buccal cavity. This would help to overcome its first-pass metabolism and thereby improve bioavailability.

Natural gum reduced/stabilized gold nanoparticles for drug delivery formulations.

"Gellan Gum", widely used in food and confectionary industry as a thickening and gelling agent, has been employed as a reducing and stabilizing agent for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles. These nanoparticles display greater stability to electrolyte addition and pH changes relative to the traditional citrate and borohydride reduced nanoparticles. Subsequently these have been used to load anthracycline ring antibiotic doxorubicin hydrochloride.

Studies on formulation development of mouth dissolving tablets of Carvedilol.

Carvedilol a poorly water soluble drug undergoes extensive first pass metabolism, which reduces its bioavailability to 25-30%. Mouth dissolving tablets of Carvedilol were prepared with the purpose of delivering the drug directly into the systemic circulation and bypassing the hepatic first pass metabolism with a concomitant increase in bioavailability. The solubility of Carvedilol was improved by forming inclusion complex with cyclodextrin which was then further used for the formulation of mouth dissolving tablet.