Brain Networks for Cortical Atrophy and Responsive Neurostimulation in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

Importance: Drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) has been associated with hippocampal pathology. Most surgical treatment strategies, including resection and responsive neurostimulation (RNS), focus on this disease epicenter; however, imaging alterations distant from the hippocampus, as well as emerging data from responsive neurostimulation trials, suggest conceptualizing TLE as a network disorder.

Objective: To assess whether brain networks connected to areas of atrophy in the hippocampus align with the topography of distant neuroimaging alterations and RNS response.

What Are the Key Diagnostic Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Subtypes and How to Integrate all of the Diagnostic Data to Establish a Diagnosis?

Diagnosis of dementia requires a detailed history, physical examination, imaging, and sometimes neuropsychological testing or ancillary tests. Mild cognitive impairment is defined as an objective impairment in cognitive performance but preserved ability to do activities of daily living. Dementia is diagnosed once impairment in activities of daily living develops.

Toll-like receptor 9 and interferon-γ receptor signaling suppress the B-cell fate of uncommitted progenitors in mice.

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome describes a heterogeneous group of cytokine storm disorders, with different immunogens and cytokines leading to variations in organ pathology. The severe inflammation generated by the cytokine storm results in widespread organ pathology including alterations in T- and B-lymphocyte counts. This study explores the roles of TLR9 and IFN-γR stimulation in decreasing T- and B-cell lymphopoiesis in a mouse model of hyperinflammation.

Fgf9 from dermal γδ T cells induces hair follicle neogenesis after wounding.

Understanding molecular mechanisms for regeneration of hair follicles provides new opportunities for developing treatments for hair loss and other skin disorders. Here we show that fibroblast growth factor 9 (Fgf9), initially secreted by γδ T cells, modulates hair follicle regeneration after wounding the skin of adult mice. Reducing Fgf9 expression decreases this wound-induced hair neogenesis (WIHN).