Cystic Neutrophilic Granulomatous Mastitis.

Granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) is an infrequent inflammatory breast disease, which can simulate malignancy on the basis of clinical and imaging features. It is typically found in parous or lactating women. The differential diagnosis of granulomatous mastitis includes infections caused by bacterial, fungal or mycobacterial agents, and autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, giant cell vasculitis, and granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

Cytological features of a complete hydatidiform mole in a cervicovaginal smear: A case report.

Exfoliated trophoblastic cells can be seen in a cervicovaginal smear in cases of normal pregnancy or gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) and can mimic high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) or malignancy. Although they appear highly anaplastic, cytological features such as high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, irregular nuclear contours and scanty basophilic cytoplasm admixed with cytologically benign squamoid and endocervical cells can aid in differentiating them from malignant cells. We present a case of a 37-year-old woman with abnormal uterine bleeding for 3-months.

Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma; Clinicopathological spectrum of An Intriguing neoplasm.

Background & Objective: Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a rare primary WHO Grade II astrocytic tumor comprising of < 1% of all astrocytomas. It is generally benign and slow growing however disease progression and malignant transformation with anaplastic features have been infrequently reported. Our objective was to assess clinicopathological characteristics of this rare tumor at our center.

Atypical Teratoid/ Rhabdoid Tumor of Brain: a Clinicopathologic Study of Eleven Patients and Review of Literature.

Background: Atypical teratoid/ rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a rare aggressive embryonal central nervous system (CNS) tumor of infancy and early childhood. Majority of the cases arise in the posterior fossa, and remaining in the cerebrum. Aims: To analyze the clinicopathologic features of AT/RT on a cohort of cases.

Nigella sativa Oil Reduces Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS)-Like Behavior in Haloperidol-Treated Rats.

The symptoms of Parkinsonism and oral dyskinesia have been showing to be induced by neuroleptics that significantly affect its clinical use. In this study, we investigate whether Nigella sativa-oil (NS) (black cumin seeds)-a traditional medicine used for the seizure treatment in eastern country-may reduce the haloperidol (HAL)-induced extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)-like behavior in rats. After combine treatment with HAL (1 mg/kg) on NS (0.

Olfactory neuroblastoma: A clinicopathological experience of a rare entity from Pakistan.

Objectives: To present the clinicopathological experience of Olfactory Neuroblastoma (ONB) with emphasis on histopathological and immunohistochemical features.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done on 36 cases of ONB, selected by non-probability purposive sampling. Theses cases of ONB were retrieved and reviewed from surgical pathology database of Aga Khan University Hospital reported between January 1993 and March 2015.

Central, Extraventricular and Atypical Neurocytomas: a Clinicopathologic Study of 35 Cases from Pakistan Plus a Detailed Review of the Published Literature.

Background: Central neurocytomas are rare neuronal neoplasms with a favorable prognosis. They are typically located in the lateral ventricles of the brain and mostly histologically correspond to WHO grade II with a Mib 1 labelling index of <2%. Similar tumors located in the cerebral hemispheres and spinal cord, for example, are called "extraventricular neurocytomas".

Commonest Cancers in Pakistan - Findings and Histopathological Perspective from a Premier Surgical Pathology Center in Pakistan.

Context: There are no recent authoritative data about incidence and prevalence of various types of cancers in Pakistan.

Aim: To determine the frequency of malignant tumors seen in our practice and provide a foundation for building a comprehensive cancer care strategy.

Materials And Methods: 10,000 successive cases of solid malignant tumors reported in 2014 were included.

Symptomatic Surgically Treated Non-neoplastic Cysts of the Central Nervous System: A Clinicopathological Study From Pakistan.

Objective: To report clinicopathologic features of symptomatic surgically removed non-neoplastic cysts of the central nervous system (CNS).

Study Design: Case series.

Place And Duration Of Study: The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from 2003 to 2012.

Diagnostic utility of p53 and CK20 immunohistochemical expression grading urothelial malignancies.

Introduction: Current grading system in application by WHO/ISUP divides urothelial malignancies in low and high grade by morphologic criteria while strict segregation may become cumbersome in limited tissue specimens. As grading these carcinomas are of utmost prognostic significance after depth of invasion, therefore we evaluated the role of immunohistochemical expression of p53 and cytokeratin 20 as an adjuctive tool in grading urothelial carcinoma.

Methods: The study was conducted in Aga khan university hospital, Histopathology section from December 2010 till June 2011 for duration of six months.

Gastrointestinal, liver and biliary tract pathology: a histopathological and epidemiological perspective from Pakistan with a review of the literature.

Aim: To present an epidemiological and histological perspective of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (including liver and biliary tract) at the Section of Histopathology, Department of Pathology, AKUH, Karachi, Pakistan.

Materials And Methods: All consecutive endoscopic biopsies and resections between October 1 and December 31, 2012 were included.

Results: A total of 2,323 cases were included.

BK Virus Associated Late Onset Haemorrhagic Cystitis After Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplant.

Haemorrhagic cystitis (HC) after allogeneic stem cell transplant is a clinical disorder with multiple etiologies. There is an inflammation of the bladder mucosa leading to painful haematuria. Early onset HC is mainly attributed to conditioning chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide.

Lymphangioma circumscriptum in the scrotum: a case report.

Introduction: Lymphangioma circumscriptum is a rare benign skin disorder involving hamartomatous lymphatic malformation of deep dermal and subcutaneous lymphatic channels. It is a therapeutic challenge for the dermatologist when it occurs at common sites such as axilla, shoulder, groin and buttocks and a diagnostic challenge for the surgeon when it occurs at rare sites such as the scrotum. Surgical treatment is the most commonly used method to treat scrotal lymphangioma circumscriptum but there are high rates of recurrence.

Trends and morphology of central nervous system malignancies in Karachi.

Introduction: This study was conducted to assess the patterns of primary central nervous system (CNS) malignancies in Karachi South (KS), a moderate risk population in Asia.

Materials And Methods: Data for 321 registered cases were reviewed and analyzed in two periods 1995-1997 (111 cases, 75 (67.6%) male (M); 36 (32.

Spectrum of cytological findings in patients with neck lymphadenopathy--experience in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.

Introduction: Lymph adenopathy is of great clinical significance as underlying diseases may range from a treatable infectious etiology to malignant neoplasms. In fact it is also essential to establish that the swelling in question is a lymph node. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) plays a vital role in solving these issues, nowadays being recognized as a rapid diagnostic technique because of its simplicity, cost effectiveness, early availability of results, accuracy and minimal invasion.

Incidence, trends and morphology of ovarian cancer in Karachi (1995-2002).

Introduction: Cancer ovary is the third most common malignancy diagnosed in women in Karachi, a moderate to high risk region for the disease.

Materials And Methods: Three hundred and thirty seven cases of ovarian cancer registered at the Karachi Cancer Registry for the years 1995-2002 were reviewed.

Results: The age- standardized incidence rate (ASR) world per 100,000, crude incidence rate per 100,000 (CIR) and frequency of ovarian malignancies in 1995-1997 were 10.

Central nervous system lesions: correlation of intraoperative and final diagnoses, six year experience at a referral centre in a developing country, Pakistan.

Background And Aims: Intraoperative consultation of CNS lesions provides accurate diagnosis to neurosurgeons. Some lesions, however, may cause diagnostic difficulty. In this study accuracy of intraoperative consultations of CNS lesions and discrepancies in diagnosis and deferrals were analysed.

Primary renal leiomyosarcoma.

Primary renal sarcomas are very rare. We report a case of renal leiomyosarcoma with 36 months follow-up. Neither ultrasonography, computed tomography nor magnetic resonance imaging are able to differentiate between leiomyosarcoma and renal cell carcinoma.

Incidence and current trends of colorectal malignancies in an unscreened, low risk Pakistan population.

Introduction: Karachi falls into a low risk region for colorectal cancer (CRC). The incidence rate is known but detailed epidemiology and pathology data regarding the disease are not available. The aim of this study was to describe CRC with reference to incidence, gender, topographic sub-site, tumor morphology, grade and stage at diagnosis and to determine the trends of incidence.

CNS neoplasms in Pakistan, a pathological perspective.

The Section of Histopathology, Aga Khan University is the largest center for histopathology in Pakistan and is the major reporting and referral center for CNS neoplasms in the country. Over the years, a significant increase has been noted in the number of CNS neoplasms reported annually. This increase most likely represents increased number of neurosurgical procedures being performed.

Gliomas: correlation of histologic grade, Ki67 and p53 expression with patient survival.

Background: Gliomas are grouped into grades 1 to 4 on the basis of morphologic criteria. Grade is the most significant prognostic factor determining survival, but various proliferation markers are being increasingly employed by histopathologists as adjuncts to conventional morphologic variables to determine prognostic behavior of brain tumors. The most widely used and useful of these are MIB1 (Ki67) and p53.

Primary malignancies of bone and cartilage in Karachi.

Introduction: Primary sarcomas of bone and cartilage (BS) are a group of rare neoplasms, with limited information from Pakistan. The present population-based study was conducted with the objective of examining descriptive epidemiological characteristics of BS in Karachi.

Materials And Methods: Epidemiological data of 68 BS registered at Karachi Cancer Registry for Karachi South during 1st January 1995 to 31st December 1997 were reviewed.

Incidence and trends of prostate cancer in Karachi South, 1995-2002.

Introduction: Cancer prostate (CaP) is a commonly diagnosed cancer in western men, but there is sparse information about the demographics of this malignancy in Pakistan. The study objective was to provide an overview of CaP in Karachi, Pakistan.

Methodology: Epidemiological data of 282 incident CaP cases registered at Karachi Cancer Registry (KCR) during 1st January 1995 to 31st December 2002 were reviewed.

Rising incidence of gastric malignancies in Karachi, 1995- 2002.

Introduction: South Asia is an enigma for gastric cancer, a low risk region with a contradictory high prevalence for Helicobacter pylori.

Patients And Methods: To examine the demographics, pathology and trends of gastric cancer in Pakistan, epidemiological data of 335 gastric malignancies, registered at Karachi Cancer Registry (KCR) for Karachi South (KS), during 1st January 1995 to 31st December 2002 were reviewed. Trends were studied by categorizing the cases into two time periods '1995-7' and '1998-2002'.