Oxoperoxovanadium Complexes of Hetero Ligands: X-Ray Crystal Structure, Density Functional Theory, and Investigations on DNA/BSA Interactions, Cytotoxic, and Molecular Docking Studies.

Oxoperoxovanadium (V) complexes [VO (O) (nf) (bp)] () and [VO (O) (ox) (bp)] () based on 5-nitro-2-furoic acid (nf), oxine (ox) and 2, 2' bipyridine (bp) bidentate ligands have been synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, UV-visible, mass, and NMR spectroscopic techniques. The structure of complex 2 shows distorted pentagonal-bipyramidal geometry, as confirmed by a single-crystal XRD diffraction study. The interactions of complexes with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) are investigated using UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques.

Peculiar DNA partial threading intercalative ability of tetradentate copper complex based on ONO hydrazone backbone and an ancillary ligand.

Multidentate copper metal complexes have been in the limelight in the area of DNA interaction studies exhibiting intercalation, groove binding and cross linking modes. Design of metal complex based on the versatile ligands decides their mode of DNA binding behavior. Based on this, a tetradentate Copper (II) complex, [Cu(L)(4,4'-bpy)], is synthesized using ONO hydrazone ligand and ancillary ligand, 4,4'-bipyridine.

DNA Interaction and Cytotoxic studies on Mono/Di-Oxo and Peroxo- Vanadium (V) complexes - A Review.

Vanadium is considered to be biologically significant and several vanadium IV & V complexes have successfully been studied as chemotherapeutic agents like insulin mimetic, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. The divergent ligand systems also play a pivotal role in designing the metal complex with desired properties. Thus, the combination of both with their synergistic advantages results in a potential drug candidate.

Effect of plastic film mulching on the distribution of plastic residues in agricultural fields.

In the present study, plastic residues were identified in the following four regions of Tamil Nadu, India: Sulur, Nagondapalli, Royakottah, and Krishnagiri. Among these regions, the percent distribution of plastic residues was found to be higher in Sulur of Coimbatore District where plastic film mulching has been practiced for 10 years for cultivating tomato (Lycopersicum esculentus L.) crop.

Climate change vulnerability in a tropical region based on environmental and socio-economic factors.

The understanding of the regional and local dimensions of vulnerability due to climate change is essential to develop appropriate and targeted adaptation efforts. We assessed the local dimensions of vulnerability in the tropical state of Kerala, India, using a purposely developed vulnerability index, which accounts for both environmental and socio-economic factors. The large extents of coastal wetlands and lagoons and high concentration of mangrove forests make the state environmentally vulnerable.

A crowdsourced valuation of recreational ecosystem services using social media data: An application to a tropical wetland in India.

Online social media represent an extensive, opportunistic source of behavioral data and revealed preferences for ecosystem services (ES) analysis. Such data may allow to advance the approach, scale and timespan to which ES are assessed, mapping and valued. This is especially relevant in the context of developing regions whose decision support tools are often limited by a lack of resources and funding.

A Review on Oral Liquid as an Emerging Technology in Controlled Drug Delivery System.

Background: The Oral Liquid Drug Delivery System (OLDDS) remains the primary choice of dosage form, though challenging, for the pharmaceutical scientists. In the last two decades, Oral Liquid Controlled Release (OLCR) formulation has gained a lot of attention because of its advantages over the conventional dosage forms.

Method: The world of nanotechnology has paved multiple ways to administer the drug through oral cavity in liquid dosage form with an additional advantage of control over the release.

Premature coronary artery disease in India: coronary artery disease in the young (CADY) registry.

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) occurs at younger age in India but only a limited number of studies have evaluated risk factors and management status. This is a multisite observational registry to assess risk factors and treatment patterns in young patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and stable ischemic heart disease (IHD).

Methods: We recruited 997 young patients (men <55, women <65y) presenting with ACS or stable IHD successively at 22 centers across India.

Potential route of Th17/T cell dynamics in targeting type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis: an autoimmune disorder perspective.

Cytokines, small secreted proteins, have a specific effect on the interactions and communications between cells. They play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Factors in the breakdown of self-tolerance and the subsequent events leading to the induction of pathogenic responses remain unclear for most of the autoimmune diseases.

Spectroscopic investigations on partial intercalative binding behaviour of terpyridine based copper(II) complexes with DNA.

Copper based metal complexes have been studied extensively towards DNA interaction aspects, the possible interactions being at the major or minor grooves, intercalation between base pairs, etc. The nature of the ligand decides the binding mode of the complexes thereby exerting different biological significance. Based on this, we have synthesized two mixed ligand copper(II) complexes, [Cu(meFtpy)(bpy)](NO3)2.

Development of polymer-bound fast-dissolving metformin buccal film with disintegrants.

Fast-dissolving drug-delivery systems are considered advantageous over the existing conventional oral dosage forms like tablets, capsules, and syrups for being patient friendly. Buccal films are one such system responsible for systemic drug delivery at the desired site of action by avoiding hepatic first-pass metabolism. Metformin hydrochloride (Met), an antidiabetic drug, has poor bioavailability due to its high solubility and low permeability.

Exploration of DNA binding mode, chemical nuclease, cytotoxic and apoptotic potentials of diketone based oxovanadium(IV) complexes.

Two diketone based oxovanadium complexes, viz., bis(4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenylbutane-1,3-dionato)oxovanadium(IV) (1) and bis(1,1,1-trifluoropentane-2,4-dionato)oxovanadium(IV) (2), have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic and analytical techniques. The DNA binding and the cleaving ability of the complexes is assessed by UV-vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, viscometry and gel electrophoretic studies.

Assessment of changes of vector borne diseases with wetland characteristics using multivariate analysis.

Vector borne diseases are a threat to human health. Little attention has been paid to the prevention of these diseases. We attempted to identify the significant wetland characteristics associated with the spread of chikungunya, dengue fever and malaria in Kerala, a tropical region of South West India using multivariate analyses (hierarchical cluster analysis, factor analysis and multiple regression).

Effect of nutrients on bioaccumulation of heavy metals in a tropical urban coastal lacustrine system.

The study on bioaccumulation of heavy metals in a lake reveals that during the nonrainy season, accumulation of cadmium in plankton is high in the upstream of the lake where anoxic freshwater condition exists resulting from inflow of urban wastes. Stern action is required to stop the bypass of sewage from the old sewer system especially in the commercial areas of Thiruvananthapuram city, either by augmenting the sewerage system or by treating sewage at the source. During monsoon season, the accumulation of heavy metals-namely lead and nickel, followed by cadmium and chromium-is high in phytoplankton resulting from high nitrate content caused by heavy rainfall.

Urgency for sustainable development in coastal urban areas with reference to weather pattern, land use, and water quality.

Water pollution is one of the most critical problems affecting mankind. Weather pattern and land use of catchment area have significant role in quality of water bodies. Due to climate change, there is frequent variation in weather pattern all over the world.

Identification of silicon (Si) as an appropriate normaliser for estimating the heavy metals enrichment of an urban lake system.

Urbanisation has a profound influence on our environment, and its burden is often transferred to aquatic systems. The surface sediments of urban lake systems are severely threatened with major contamination on a daily basis. Empirical evidence gleaned from the study of Akkulam Veli, a tropical urban lake in Southern India, indicates the need to evaluate all factors defining the contamination status of lake systems, rather than the conventional procedure that use Al or Fe, and select normalisers to evaluate metal enrichment in contaminated lake systems.

Identification of hot spot area of sediment contamination in a lake system using texture characteristics.

Texture plays an important role in the identification of polluted stretch in a lake system. The organic matter as well as toxic elements get accumulated in the finer sediments. The aim of the work is to show the spatio-temporal distribution of texture of the lake sediment (Akkulam-Veli lake, Kerala) and to identify the hot spot areas of contamination.

Distribution pattern and factors affecting heavy metals in a lake system.

Heavy metals are widespiead pollutants of great environmental concern as they are non degradable, toxic and persistent.with serious ecological ramifications on aquatic ecology. The objective of this study is to analyse the spatio-temporal variation of heavy metals in the sediments of a lake system (Akkulam-Veli lake, Kerala).

Miscibility of eudragit/chitosan polymer blend in water determined by physical property measurements.

The interest in the preparation and application of polymeric blends is growing since they can exhibit properties of great industrial interest. The current study focuses on the preparation of polymeric blends of varying compositions of eudragit and chitosan and their miscibility studies. The preparation was carried out by using ethanol and 1% acetic acid in water.

Environmental status of a tropical lake system.

Eutrophication has become a serious threat to the lake systems all over the world. This is mainly due to the pollution caused by anthropogenic activities. Carlson trophic state index (CTSI) is commonly used for the classification of trophic conditions of surface waters.

Trophic state index of a lake system using IRS (P6-LISS III) satellite imagery.

Water pollution has now become a major threat to the existence of living beings and water quality monitoring is an effective step towards the restoration of water quality. Lakes are versatile ecosystems and their eutrophication is a serious problem. Carlson Trophic State Index (CTSI) provides an insight into the trophic condition of a lake.

New diketone based vanadium complexes as insulin mimetics.

Since 1985, when Heyliger et al. first reported the in vivo insulin mimetic activity of oral vanadate, extensive studies exploring vanadium chemistry, including the synthesis of novel complexes and their biological effects both in vitro and in vivo have been pursued. Such complexes have emerged as possible potential agents for diabetes therapy.