Normothermic versus hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass in low-risk paediatric heart surgery: a randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To compare normothermic (35°C-36°C) versus hypothermic (28°C) cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in paediatric patients undergoing open heart surgery to test the hypothesis that normothermic CPB perfusion maintains the functional integrity of major organ systems leading to faster recovery.

Methods: Two single-centre, randomised controlled trials (known as and , respectively) were carried out to compare the effectiveness and acceptability of normothermic versus hypothermic CPB in children with congenital heart disease undergoing open heart surgery. In both studies, the co-primary clinical outcomes were duration of inotropic support, intubation time and postoperative hospital stay.

The Endocannabinoid/Cannabinoid Receptor 2 System Protects Against Cisplatin-Induced Hearing Loss.

Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of cannabinoid 2 receptor (CB2R) in the rat cochlea which was induced by cisplatin. In an organ of Corti-derived cell culture model, it was also shown that an agonist of the CB2R protected these cells against cisplatin-induced apoptosis. In the current study, we determined the distribution of CB2R in the mouse and rat cochleae and examined whether these receptors provide protection against cisplatin-induced hearing loss.

Clinical Factors Associated With ICU-Specific Care Following Supratentoral Brain Tumor Resection and Validation of a Risk Prediction Score.

Objectives: The postoperative management of patients who undergo brain tumor resection frequently occurs in an ICU. However, the routine admission of all patients to an ICU following surgery is controversial. This study seeks to identify the frequency with which patients undergoing elective supratentorial tumor resection require care, aside from frequent neurologic checks, that is specific to an ICU and to determine the frequency of new complications during ICU admission.

Prognostic factors of functional outcome after hip fracture surgery: a systematic review.

Objective: this systematic review aimed to identify immutable and modifiable prognostic factors of functional outcomes and their proposed mechanism after hip fracture surgery.

Design: systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PEDRO, OpenGrey and ClinicalTrials.gov for observational studies of prognostic factors of functional outcome after hip fracture among surgically treated adults with mean age of 65 years and older.

Investigating the Support Networks for Mothers of a High-density Public Housing Community and the Effects of Housing Closures on These Support Systems.

Over the past few decades, public housing initiatives have focused on the decentralization of poverty by replacing high-density public housing (HDPH) models with lower-density, mixed-income models. This action has resulted in the displacement of families who had lived in these developments for generations. In past studies, public housing residents have been shown to have stronger social ties than those living in other types of assisted housing.

Gun carrying among freshmen and sophomores in Chicago, New York City and Los Angeles public schools: the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2007-2013.

Background: This study evaluated trends and risk factors over time for self-reported gun carrying among freshman and sophomore public school students in Chicago, New York City and Los Angeles, chosen as high profile cities with different levels of firearm violence.

Methods: The study used four biennial waves (2007-2013) of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), an anonymous, voluntary survey of public high school students. Analyses were restricted to freshman and sophomores given significant high school dropout rates among older students.

Stromal TRIM28-associated signaling pathway modulation within the colorectal cancer microenvironment.

Background: Stromal gene expression patterns predict patient outcomes in colorectal cancer. TRIM28 is a transcriptional co-repressor that regulates an abundance of genes through the KRAB domain family of transcription factors. We have previously shown that stromal expression of TRIM28 is a marker of disease relapse and poor survival in colorectal cancer.

Trans-Tympanic Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Ototoxicity.

The systemic administration of protective agents to treat drug-induced ototoxicity is limited by the possibility that these protective agents could interfere with the chemotherapeutic efficacy of the primary drugs. This is especially true for the drug cisplatin, whose anticancer actions are attenuated by antioxidants which provide adequate protection against hearing loss. Other current or potential otoprotective agents could pose a similar problem, if administered systemically.

Infusion of donor-derived CD8 memory T cells for relapse following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.

Murine models showed that CD8CD44 memory T (T) cells could eradicate malignant cells without inducing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We evaluated the feasibility and safety of infusing freshly isolated and purified donor-derived phenotypic CD8 T cells into adults with disease relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Phenotypic CD8 T cells were isolated after unmobilized donor apheresis using a tandem immunomagnetic selection strategy of CD45RA depletion followed by CD8 enrichment.

Developing and Testing an International Audit of Nursing Quality Indicators for Older Adults With Fragility Hip Fracture.

Background: Fragility hip fracture in older adults often has poor outcomes, but these outcomes can be improved with attention to specific quality care indicators.

Purpose: The International Collaboration of Orthopaedic Nursing (ICON) developed an audit process to identify the extent to which internationally accepted nursing quality care indicators for older adults with fragility hip fracture are reflected in policies, protocols, and processes guiding acute care.

Methods: A data abstraction tool was created for each of 12 quality indicators.

Classifying Injuries in Young Children as Abusive or Accidental: Reliability and Accuracy of an Expert Panel Approach.

Objective: To assess interrater reliability and accuracy of an expert panel in classifying injuries of patients as abusive or accidental based on comprehensive case information.

Study Design: Data came from a prospective, observational, multicenter study investigating bruising characteristics of children younger than 4 years. We enrolled 2166 patients with broad ranges of illnesses and injuries presenting to one of 5 pediatric emergency departments in whom bruises were identified during examination.

Accuracy of outside radiologists' reports of computed tomography exams of emergently transferred patients.

Purpose: Growing numbers of patient with advanced imaging being transferred to trauma centers has resulted in increased numbers of outside CT scans received at trauma centers. This study examines the degree of agreement between community radiologists' interpretations of the CT scans of transferred patients and trauma center radiologists' reinterpretation.

Methods: All CT scans of emergency transfer patients received over a 1 month period were reviewed by an emergency radiologist.

A propensity score analysis of the impact of surgical intervention on unexpected 30-day readmission following admission for subdural hematoma.

Objective: Subdural hematoma (SDH) is a common disease that is increasingly being managed nonoperatively. The all-cause readmission rate for SDH has not previously been described. This study seeks to describe the incidence of unexpected 30-day readmission in a cohort of patients admitted to an academic neurosurgical center.

Time to surgery after hip fracture across Canada by timing of admission.

Unlabelled: The extent of Canadian provincial variation in hip fracture surgical timing is unclear. Provinces performed a similar proportion of surgeries within three inpatient days after adjustment. Time to surgery varied by timing of admission across provinces.

Use of whole body CT to detect patterns of CPR-related injuries after sudden cardiac arrest.

Aims And Objectives: We have recently implemented a dedicated sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) - whole-body computed tomography (WBCT) protocol to evaluate SCA patients with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) following cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The aim of this study is to evaluate the number and pattern of CPR-related injuries in ROSC patients with SCA-WBCT.

Methods And Materials: Single-centre retrospective review of 39 patients (13 female; 20 male, mean age 51.

A Propensity Score Analysis of the Impact of Dexamethasone Use on Delayed Cerebral Ischemia and Poor Functional Outcomes After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Objective: An inflammatory response occurs after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and predicts poor outcomes. Glucocorticoids suppress inflammation and promote fluid retention. Dexamethasone is often administered after aSAH for postoperative cerebral edema and refractory headache.

Training Neurosurgery and Radiation Oncology Residents in Stereotactic Radiosurgery: Assessment Gathered from Participants in AANS and ASTRO Training Course.

Objective: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) represents an expanding approach for neurosurgeons and radiation oncologists. We evaluate educational gaps of senior residents drawn from each specialty as part of a focused SRS course. We also evaluate the strengths and limitations of SRS training in current residency programs of the course residents and faculty.

Mortality by Timing of Hip Fracture Surgery: Factors and Relationships at Play.

In hip fracture care, it is disputed whether mortality worsens when surgery is delayed. This knowledge gap matters when hospital managers seek to justify resource allocation for prioritizing access to one procedure over another. Uncertainty over the surgical timing-death association leads to either surgical prioritization without benefit or the underuse of expedited surgery when it could save lives.

Feasibility of using administrative data for identifying medical reasons to delay hip fracture surgery: a Canadian database study.

Purpose: Failure to account for medically necessary delays may lead to an underestimation of early surgery benefits. This study investigated the feasibility of using administrative data to identify the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) 124 guideline list of conditions that appropriately delay hip fracture surgery.

Methods: We assembled a list of diagnosis and procedure codes to reflect the NICE 124 conditions.

Large-Scale Identification of Wolbachia pipientis Effectors.

Wolbachia pipientis is an intracellular symbiont of arthropods well known for the reproductive manipulations induced in the host and, more recently, for the ability of Wolbachia to block virus replication in insect vectors. Since Wolbachia cannot yet be genetically manipulated, and due to the constraints imposed when working with an intracellular symbiont, little is known about mechanisms used by Wolbachia for host interaction. Here we employed a bioinformatics pipeline and identified 163 candidate effectors, potentially secreted by Wolbachia into the host cell.

Patient and system factors of time to surgery after hip fracture: a scoping review.

Objectives: It is disputed whether the time a patient waits for surgery after hip fracture increases the risk of in-hospital death. This uncertainty matters as access to surgery following hip fracture may be underprioritised due to a lack of definitive evidence. Uncertainty in the available evidence may be due to differences in characteristics of patients, their injury and their care.