Social Determinants' Role in Pediatric Respiratory Health: Health Insights from Central Florida.

Objectives: Despite advances in therapies and educational initiatives, pediatric allergy disorders, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema, continue to pose substantial health challenges. Understanding the social determinants of health (SDoH) linked with these conditions is a critical area of research due to their multifactorial nature. This study aimed to assess the SDoH influencing pediatric allergy disorders in central Florida, specifically examining four groups of children: with asthma only, with eczema only, with both asthma and eczema, and a control group without these conditions.

Fostering Inclusivity in Research Engagement for Underrepresented Populations in Parkinson's Disease: The FIRE-UP PD study.

Background: Members of vulnerable populations are underrepresented in Parkinson's disease (PD) research. A complex web of research barriers perpetuates this gap. Community-based research methods are one approach to addressing this issue.

Classifying Individuals With Rheumatic Conditions as Financially Insecure Using Electronic Health Record Data and Natural Language Processing: Algorithm Derivation and Validation.

Objective: We aimed to examine the feasibility of applying natural language processing (NLP) to unstructured electronic health record (EHR) documents to detect the presence of financial insecurity among patients with rheumatologic disease enrolled in an integrated care management program (iCMP).

Methods: We incorporated supervised, rule-based NLP and statistical methods to identify financial insecurity among patients with rheumatic conditions enrolled in an iCMP (n = 20,395) in a multihospital EHR system. We constructed a lexicon for financial insecurity using data from available knowledge sources and then reviewed EHR notes from 538 randomly selected individuals (training cohort n = 366, validation cohort n = 172).

A community-engaged approach to translate a Vaccine Hesitancy Scale into Haitian Creole.

Objective: Accurately translated health materials are needed to achieve equity in vaccine uptake among U.S. individuals with non-English language preferences.

Diversity in osteopathic medical school admissions and the COMPASS program: an update.

In the United States, the 40 colleges of osteopathic medicine and 157 schools of allopathic medicine face challenges in recruiting candidates who are underrepresented in medicine (URiM), and gaps in racial disparity appear to be widening. In this commentary, the authors provide an analysis of the data collected from 8 years of conducting a URiM recruitment and welcoming social events. The event is sponsored by a student special interest group called Creating Osteopathic Minority Physicians Who Achieve Scholastic Success (COMPASS) at the Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine - New York (TouroCOM-NY).

A multi-resistance wide-range calibration sample for conductive probe atomic force microscopy measurements.

Measuring resistances at the nanoscale has attracted recent attention for developing microelectronic components, memory devices, molecular electronics, and two-dimensional materials. Despite the decisive contribution of scanning probe microscopy in imaging resistance and current variations, measurements have remained restricted to qualitative comparisons. Reference resistance calibration samples are key to advancing the research-to-manufacturing process of nanoscale devices and materials through calibrated, reliable, and comparable measurements.

Social Determinants of Health Documentation Among Individuals With Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Conditions in an Integrated Care Management Program.

Objective: Social determinants of health (SDoH), such as poverty, are associated with increased burden and severity of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases. This study was undertaken to study the prevalence and documentation of SDoH-related needs in electronic health records (EHRs) of individuals with these conditions.

Methods: We randomly selected individuals with ≥1 International Classification of Diseases, Ninth/Tenth Revision (ICD-9/10) code for a rheumatic/musculoskeletal condition enrolled in a multihospital integrated care management program that coordinates care for medically and/or psychosocially complex individuals.

Understanding Stakeholders' Perspectives to Increase COVID-19 Vaccine and Booster Uptake Among Black Individuals With Rheumatic Conditions.

Objective: Disparities in COVID-19 vaccine and booster uptake persist. This study aimed to obtain perspectives from community and physician stakeholders on COVID-19 vaccine and booster hesitancy and strategies to promote vaccine uptake among Black individuals with rheumatic and musculoskeletal conditions.

Methods: We invited community leaders and physicians in greater Boston and Chicago to participate in semi-structured interviews using a moderator guide developed a priori.

Evaluation of emergency care education and triage implementation: an observational study at a hospital in rural Liberia.

Introduction: In Liberia, emergency care is still in its early development. In 2019, two emergency care and triage education sessions were done at J. J.

Plasmonic Polarization Rotation in SERS Spectroscopy.

Surface-enhanced Raman optical activity (SEROA) has been extensively investigated due to its ability to directly probe stereochemistry and molecular structure. However, most works have focused on the Raman optical activity (ROA) effect arising from the chirality of the molecules on isotropic surfaces. Here, we propose a strategy for achieving a similar effect: i.

Joint programmes in paediatric cardiac surgery: an update and descriptive analysis.

Objective: Joint programmes are an alternative model that may aid in improving congenital cardiac surgery outcomes while avoiding the potential resource and accessibility challenges that could result from regionalisation. This study aims to characterise current joint programmes, identify factors that are associated with joint programme success and failure, and gauge attitudes within the profession regarding joint programmes as an alternative.

Methods: A multiple choice survey with 23 standard questions for all programmes and additional 42 additional questions for each participant hospital in a joint programme was addressed to paediatric cardiac surgeons in the United States of America.

Use of Popular Opinion Leader Models to Disseminate Information About Clinical Trials to Black Individuals With Lupus in Two US Cities.

Objective: Clinical trials for systemic lupus erythematosus ("lupus") under enroll Black individuals despite higher disease prevalence, morbidity, and mortality among Black compared to White individuals. To begin to address this disparity, we leveraged community-academic partnerships in 2 US cities (Boston and Chicago) to train popular opinion leaders (POLs) to disseminate information about clinical trials in predominantly Black communities.

Methods: The team of community and academic partners collaboratively developed a 5-module curriculum about clinical trials, barriers, facilitators, and structural racism in research.

Designing the Fostering Inclusivity in Research Engagement for Underrepresented Populations in Parkinson's Disease study.

Background: Population reflective research enrollment improves study generalizability and disease knowledge. Nevertheless, the proportion of underrepresented groups (URGs) in Parkinson's disease (PD) research remains low. Hence, the current manuscript describes the process of designing a study to analyze the effectiveness of strategies to overcome barriers to URG recruitment in PD research.

Evaluation of Self-Field Effects in Magnetometers Based on Meander-Shaped Arrays of Josephson Junctions or SQUIDs Connected in Series.

Arrays of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) are highly sensitive magnetometers that can operate without a flux-locked loop, as opposed to single SQUID magnetometers. They have no source of ambiguity and benefit from a larger bandwidth. They can be used to measure absolute magnetic fields with a dynamic range scaling as the number of SQUIDs they contain.

Characteristics and Outcomes of US Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19.

Background: Understanding COVID-19 epidemiology is crucial to clinical care and to clinical trial design and interpretation.

Objective: To describe characteristics, treatment, and outcomes among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 early in the pandemic.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients with laboratory-confirmed, symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to 57 US hospitals from March 1 to April 1, 2020.

mTOR-related synaptic pathology causes autism spectrum disorder-associated functional hyperconnectivity.

Postmortem studies have revealed increased density of excitatory synapses in the brains of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with a putative link to aberrant mTOR-dependent synaptic pruning. ASD is also characterized by atypical macroscale functional connectivity as measured with resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI). These observations raise the question of whether excess of synapses causes aberrant functional connectivity in ASD.

Results and Molecular Correlates from a Pilot Study of Neoadjuvant Induction FOLFIRINOX Followed by Chemoradiation and Surgery for Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinomas.

Purpose: We performed a NCI-sponsored, prospective study of neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX followed by chemoradiation with carboplatin/paclitaxel followed by surgery in patients with locally advanced gastric or gastroesophageal cancer.

Patients And Methods: The primary objective was to determine completion rate of neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX × 8 followed by chemoradiation. Secondary endpoints were toxicity and pathologic complete response (pCR) rate.

Assessment of a Contralateral Esophagus-Sparing Technique in Locally Advanced Lung Cancer Treated With High-Dose Chemoradiation: A Phase 1 Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Severe acute esophagitis occurs in up to 20% of patients with locally advanced lung cancer treated with chemoradiation therapy to at least 60 Gy once daily and represents a dose-limiting toxic event associated with poor outcomes.

Objective: To assess whether formalized sparing of the contralateral esophagus (CE) is associated with reduced risk of severe acute esophagitis.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This single-center phase 1 nonrandomized clinical trial assessing an empirical CE-sparing technique enrolled patients from July 2015 to January 2019.

Long-Range Propagation and Interference of d-Wave Superconducting Pairs in Graphene.

Recent experiments have shown that proximity with high-temperature superconductors induces unconventional superconducting correlations in graphene. Here, we demonstrate that those correlations propagate hundreds of nanometers, allowing for the unique observation of d-wave Andreev-pair interferences in YBa_{2}Cu_{3}O_{7}-graphene devices that behave as a Fabry-Perot cavity. The interferences show as a series of pronounced conductance oscillations analogous to those originally predicted by de Gennes-Saint-James for conventional metal-superconductor junctions.

Association of Race and Ethnicity with Sedation Management in Pediatric Intensive Care.

Racial disparities in pain management have been previously reported for children receiving emergency care. To determine whether patient race or ethnicity is associated with the broader goal of pain management and sedation among pediatric patients mechanically ventilated for acute respiratory failure. Planned secondary analysis of RESTORE (Randomized Evaluation of Sedation Titration for Respiratory Failure).

Dynamic properties of high-T superconducting nano-junctions made with a focused helium ion beam.

The Josephson junction (JJ) is the corner stone of superconducting electronics and quantum information processing. While the technology for fabricating low T JJ is mature and delivers quantum circuits able to reach the "quantum supremacy", the fabrication of reproducible and low-noise high-T JJ is still a challenge to be taken up. Here we report on noise properties at RF frequencies of recently introduced high-T Josephson nano-junctions fabricated by mean of a Helium ion beam focused at sub-nanometer scale on a YBaCuO thin film.