Skills for Psychological Recovery train-the-trainer program: For care providers of children with special healthcare needs and disabilities during COVID-19 recovery.

Care providers, including both professional and family caregivers, were negatively impacted by the pandemic. In partnership with the Minnesota (MN) Pediatric Care Coordination Community of Practice, the MN Department of Health Regional Behavioral Health Coordinator team provided a 7-week training of trainers in Skills for Psychological Recovery (SPR) to care providers of adults and children with special healthcare, mental health needs, and disabilities. The goal of SPR training was to protect the mental health of disaster survivors, enhance their abilities to address needs and concerns, teach skills to promote recovery, and prevent maladaptive behaviors while identifying and supporting adaptive behaviors.

Serum Folate Concentrations in Exclusively Breastfed Preterm Infants Who Received No Supplementary Oral Folic Acid After Discharge: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Adequate folate intake is required in preterm infants for rapid growth and development, but there is little evidence to back recommendations. We aimed to assess folate status in preterm infants at discharge and in early infancy, according to exposure to folate sources, particularly in those exclusively/predominantly breastfed. A prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study was conducted in the UK, involving 45 preterm infants <33 weeks' gestational age (GA) exclusively/predominantly fed human milk when approaching NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit) discharge.

BWC confidence-building measures: Increasing BWC assurance through transparency and information sharing.

In the absence of a treaty protocol or verification regime, the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BWC) instituted confidence-building measures (CBMs) as a mechanism to increase confidence in compliance by enhancing transparency and mitigating ambiguities regarding states parties' biological activities. While a promising tool to support treaty compliance, low participation, concerns regarding the completeness and accuracy of CBM submissions, a dearth of analysis, and restricted access to many submissions have limited CBMs' value. Through interviews with 53 international experts-38 from BWC delegations and 15 independent experts-we identified concrete opportunities to increase CBMs' value while mitigating the burden on states parties.

A high-performance thin-layer chromatography densitometric method for the separation of isomeric ceftriaxone in powder for injection formulation.

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic (HPTLC) method for simultaneous determination of ceftriaxone and ceftriaxone e-isomer in powder for injection formulation. Ceftriaxone sodium injection is an antibiotic that used globally. It has Z/E geometrical conformation, in which ceftriaxone sodium and 3 ene-isomer have Z- conformation while (E)-isomer has E- conformation and the potential toxicity of ceftriaxone (E)-isomer has been reported.

Pandemic Exercises: Lessons for a New Era in Pandemic Preparedness.

We led the last large-scale exercise conducted by the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security before the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite COVID-19, pandemic exercises are more necessary than ever to prevent the loss of hard-fought gains achieved during COVID-19, keep policymakers from assuming all pandemics will be like COVID-19, and encourage continued engagement from policymakers in strengthening health resilience rather than returning to a cycle of panic and neglect. Pandemic exercises can also advance new solutions necessary to effectively meet the challenge of a future pandemic.

Adverse Drug Reactions Resulting From the Use of Chiral Medicines Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid, and Ceftriaxone: A Mixed Prospective-Retrospective Cohort Study.

The use of chiral medicines (possessing center(s) of asymmetric carbon) may cause adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The safety assurance of these medicines is critical. We aimed to evaluate registered and commonly used anti-infective chiral medicines circulating in the Tanzanian market to establish their safety profile to protect public health.

Late-onset vitamin K deficiency bleeding in an extremely preterm infant fed an exclusively human milk-based diet.

All newborns need extra phylloquinone (vitamin K; K) to prevent vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB). In preterm babies, the main sources are prophylactic K given at birth and parenteral and/or enteral feeding thereafter. Preterm babies are at risk of late-onset VKDB if ongoing K supplementation is inadequate.

An assessment of the content and properties of extended and instrumental activities of daily living scales: a systematic review.

Purpose: We performed a systematic review to assess the psychometric properties of extended Activities of Daily Living (eADL) scales.

Materials And Methods: Articles assessing eADL scales' properties were retrieved by searching multidisciplinary databases, and reference screening. Data on the following properties were extracted: validity, reliability, responsiveness, and internal consistency.

Relationship between Total Antioxidant Capacity, Cannabinoids and Terpenoids in Hops and Cannabis.

Efficient determination of antioxidant activity in medicinal plants may provide added value to extracts. The effects of postharvest pre-freezing and drying [microwave-assisted hot air (MAHD) and freeze drying] on hops and cannabis were evaluated to determine the relationship between antioxidant activity and secondary metabolites. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) reduction and ferric reducing ability of power (FRAP) assays were assessed for suitability in estimating the antioxidant activity of extracted hops and cannabis inflorescences and correlation with cannabinoid and terpene content.

Effectiveness of a structured stimulated spontaneous safety monitoring of medicines reporting program in strengthening pharmacovigilance system in Tanzania.

Under-reporting of adverse drug events (ADEs) is a challenge facing developing countries including Tanzania. Given the high magnitude of under-reporting, it was necessary to develop and assess the effectiveness of a 'structured stimulated spontaneous safety monitoring' (SSSSM) reporting program of ADEs which aimed at strengthening pharmacovigilance system in Tanzania. A quasi-experimental design and data mining technique were used to assess the effect of intervention after the introduction of program in seven tertiary hospitals.

Exclusively breastmilk-fed preterm infants are at high risk of developing subclinical vitamin K deficiency despite intramuscular prophylaxis at birth.

Background: There is near-global consensus that all newborns be given parenteral vitamin K (VK ) at birth as prophylaxis against VK deficiency bleeding (VKDB). Breastmilk has a low VK content and cases of late VKDB are reported in exclusively breastmilk-fed preterm infants despite VK prophylaxis at birth.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of functional VK insufficiency in preterm infants based on elevated under-γ-carboxylated (Glu) species of Gla proteins, factor II (PIVKA-II), and osteocalcin (GluOC), synthesized by liver and bone, respectively.

Capabilities of global high-level isolation units: A pre-workshop survey.

Objective: To assess experience, physical infrastructure, and capabilities of high-level isolation units (HLIUs) planning to participate in a 2018 global HLIU workshop hosted by the US National Emerging Special Pathogens Training and Education Center (NETEC).

Design: An electronic survey elicited information on general HLIU organization, operating costs, staffing models, and infection control protocols of select global units.

Setting And Participants: The survey was distributed to site representatives of 22 HLIUs located in the United States, Europe, and Asia; 19 (86%) responded.

Chemical Etching of Screw Dislocated Transition Metal Dichalcogenides.

Chemical etching can create novel structures inaccessible by growth and provide complementary understanding on the growth mechanisms of complex nanostructures. Screw dislocation-driven growth influences the layer stackings of transition metal dichalcogenides (MX) resulting in complex spiral morphologies. Herein, we experimentally and theoretically study the etching of screw dislocated WS and WSe nanostructures using HO etchant.

Outbreak response operations during the US measles epidemic, 2017-19.

Background: To understand operational challenges involved with responding to US measles outbreaks in 2017-19 and identify applicable lessons in order to inform preparedness and response operations for future outbreaks, particularly with respect to specific operational barriers and recommendations for outbreak responses among insular communities.

Methods: From August 2019 to January 2020, we conducted 11 telephone interviews with 18 participants representing state and local health departments and community health centers that responded to US measles outbreaks in 2017-19, with a focus on outbreaks among insular communities. We conducted qualitative, thematic coding to identify and characterize key operational challenges and lessons identified by the interviewees.

A retrospective cross-sectional study to determine chirality status of registered medicines in Tanzania.

Medicines with a stereogenic center (asymmetric carbon) are mainly present as racemates with a mixture of equal amounts of enantiomers. One enantiomer may be active while the other inactive, alternatively one may produce side-effects and even toxicity. However, there is lack of information on the chirality status (either racemates, single active enantiomer or achiral) of medicines circulated on the market particularly in African countries.

Current State of Mass Vaccination Preparedness and Operational Challenges in the United States, 2018-2019.

Mass vaccination is a crucial public health intervention during outbreaks or pandemics for which vaccines are available. The US government has sponsored the development of medical countermeasures, including vaccines, for public health emergencies; however, federally supported programs, including the Public Health and Emergency Preparedness program and Cities Readiness Initiative, have historically emphasized antibiotic pill dispensing over mass vaccination. While mass vaccination and pill dispensing programs share similarities, they also have fundamental differences that require dedicated preparedness efforts to address.

Correction to Effect of vitamin K on bone mineral density and fractures in adults: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Following the work of Avenell et al. that has raised concerns about the integrity of the Yamaguchi Osteoporosis Prevention Study (YOPS) conducted by Ishida and Kawai we issue here an adjustment to all meta-analysis estimates that contained this work within our systematic review.

Operational stresses on New York City Health+Hospitals Health System frontline hospitals during the 2017-18 influenza season.

Objective: Identify operational lessons to support hospital and health system preparedness and response for sea-sonal and pandemic influenza based on firsthand experiences from the 2017-2018 influenza season.

Design: We conducted semistructured, retrospective interviews with New York City Health+Hospitals (NYCH+H) personnel to gather firsthand experiences from the 2017-2018 influenza season and evaluated stress data across four operational domains reported by NYCH+H hospitals during the 2017-2018 influenza season.

Setting: Frontline hospitals in the NYCH+H health system during and after the 2017-2018 influenza season.

Operational stresses on New York City Health+Hospitals Health System frontline hospitals during the 2017-18 influenza season.

Objective: Identify operational lessons to support hospital and health system preparedness and response for sea-sonal and pandemic influenza based on firsthand experiences from the 2017-2018 influenza season.

Design: We conducted semistructured, retrospective interviews with New York City Health+Hospitals (NYCH+H) personnel to gather firsthand experiences from the 2017-2018 influenza season and evaluated stress data across four operational domains reported by NYCH+H hospitals during the 2017-2018 influenza season.

Setting: Frontline hospitals in the NYCH+H health system during and after the 2017-2018 influenza season.

Coupled Broad Ion Beam-Scanning Electron Microscopy (BIB-SEM) for polishing and three dimensional (3D) serial section tomography (SST).

Here we describe the first automated fully integrated in-microscope broad ion beam (BIB) system. Ar-BIB has several advantages over Ga focused ion beam (FIB) and Xe plasma-FIB (PFIB) methods inducing less beam damage, especially for ion beam sensitive materials. It can mill areas several orders of magnitude larger (up to millimetre scale), and is not confined to the edge of the sample with associated curtaining issues.

Public Health Implementation Considerations for State-Level Ebola Monitoring and Movement Restrictions.

Objective: This article describes implementation considerations for Ebola-related monitoring and movement restriction policies in the United States during the 2013-2016 West Africa Ebola epidemic.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted between January and May 2017 with 30 individuals with direct knowledge of state-level Ebola policy development and implementation processes. Individuals represented 17 jurisdictions with variation in adherence to US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines, census region, predominant state political affiliation, and public health governance structures, as well as the CDC.