Assessment of immunological response to digital dermatitis pathogen derived antigens following infection, recovery, and reinfection.

The ability to reliably induce bovine digital dermatitis (DD) in naive calves provides unique opportunities to evaluate immune responses of the calves to infection after disease induction, during healing, and after subsequent re-infection. Dairy calves infected in a previous induction trial were held until lesions resolved and were then re-infected in parallel with naïve calves. Humoral and cell-mediated responses were assessed via serum antibody titer and lymphocyte proliferation analysis with responses of previously infected calves compared with responses of the newly infected calves and naïve calves.

Awareness of heart failure, blood pressure management and self-efficacy: The Research Goes Red for Women Registry.

Background: Heart failure (HF) is increasing in the United States, and awareness is needed for prevention. Hypertension is the leading cause of HF, and adherence to antihypertensive medication is critical for reducing HF risk. Self-efficacy positively influences health-promoting behaviors.

Characterizing supplement use and dietary behaviors in adults with acquired brain injury.

Background: Acquired brain injury (ABI) can result in persistent symptoms and lasting disability. Supplements are becoming more popular in patients with chronic symptoms; however, little is known about supplementation and dietary behaviors after ABI.

Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, questionnaires were collected from 211 adults with ABI presenting to outpatient brain injury clinics.

Nature of the Nickel-Halogen Bond in NiX Compounds (X = F, Cl, Br, I): A Multireference Configuration Interaction and Ab Initio Valence Bond Study.

In a recent study ( , , 11812-11820), gas-phase cationic NiX compounds (X = F, Cl, Br, and I) were probed by nickel L-edge XAS, from which it was concluded that NiF was best described as an ionic [NiF] complex while the remaining three compounds were described as covalent Ni(3d) species ( depicts a ligand-based hole). An abrupt transition from a classical to an inverted ligand field was suggested as responsible for the change in ground-state electronic structures. Herein, the NiX series is investigated by using MRCI and ab initio VB calculations.

The Need for a New Approach to MCI Readiness in the Era of Emergency Department and Hospital Crowding.

Emergency department (ED) visit volumes have increased since 2007, with crowding in the United States reaching its highest levels in 2022. During this same period, mass casualty incidents (MCIs) have increased dramatically, both in frequency and severity, across the United States. Resuscitation of trauma patients is a time-sensitive process that requires immediate patient assessment by coordinated clinical teams in order to successfully diagnose and manage life-threatening injuries.

Exogenous ketones exert antiseizure effects and modulate the gut microbiome and mycobiome in a clinically relevant murine model of epilepsy.

Objective: Despite growing interest in the potential use of exogenous ketones for the treatment of epilepsy, their impact on seizures and the gut microbiome and mycobiome remain unclear.

Methods: Here, we examined the effects of both oral gavage and subcutaneous (SC) injection of a ketone ester (KE) in spontaneously epileptic Kcna1-null (KO) mice that model seminal aspects of human temporal lobe epilepsy. Electroencephalographic recordings and biochemical analyses were performed in KE-treated KO mice.

Moderators of the Effects of a Digital Parenting Intervention on Child Conduct and Emotional Problems Implemented During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results From a Secondary Analysis of Data From the Supporting Parents and Kids Through Lockdown Experiences (SPARKLE) Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: A smartphone app, Parent Positive, was developed to help parents manage their children's conduct and emotional problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. A randomized controlled trial, Supporting Parents and Kids Through Lockdown Experiences (SPARKLE), found Parent Positive to be effective in reducing children's emotional problems. However, app effectiveness may be influenced by a range of child, family, socioeconomic, and pandemic-related factors.

Resident-Applicant Buddy Program Increases Applicant Interest and Program Transparency.

Objective: Resident-Applicant Buddy Programs (RABPs) are a new initiative designed to improve resident recruitment. This study aims to evaluate the impact and perceived value of RABPs and to identify areas for improvement for future recruitment cycles.

Design: Anonymous online survey study of RABP participants with mixed-methods approach to evaluate participants' experience and perceived impact of the program.

Brief Educational Workshops in Secondary Schools Trial (BESST): a cluster randomised controlled trial. Secondary analysis in those with elevated symptoms of depression.

Background: Depression and anxiety are increasingly prevalent in adolescents. The Brief Educational Workshops in Secondary Schools Trial investigated the effectiveness of a brief self-referral stress workshop programme for sixth-form students aged 16-18 years old.

Objective: This study conducted a secondary analysis on the outcomes of participants with elevated depressive symptoms at baseline.

Preclinical Safety Assessment of the EBS-LASV Vaccine Candidate against Lassa Fever Virus.

There are currently no prophylactic vaccines licensed to protect against Lassa fever caused by Lassa virus (LASV) infection. The Emergent BioSolutions (EBS) vaccine candidate, EBS-LASV, is being developed for the prevention of Lassa fever. EBS-LASV is a live-attenuated recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (rVSV)-vectored vaccine encoding the surface glycoprotein complex (GPC) from LASV and has two attenuating vector modifications: a gene shuffle of the VSV N gene and a deletion of the VSV G gene.

Applying a Primary Health Care Approach to Closing the Human Resource for Health Gaps for Immunization.

This perspective is focused on the evidence on human resources for health (HRH) solutions for immunization, as a part of a primary health care (PHC) approach.. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and 50 years since the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) clocks 50 years since its inception.

Demographic trends of cardiorenal and heart failure deaths in the United States, 2011-2020.

Background: Heart failure (HF) and kidney disease frequently co-occur, increasing mortality risk. The cardiorenal syndrome results from damage to either the heart or kidney impacting the other organ. The epidemiology of cardiorenal syndrome among the general population is incompletely characterized and despite shared risk factors with HF, differences in mortality risk across key demographics have not been well described.

Enhancing COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake among Tribal Communities: A Case Study on Program Implementation Experiences from Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh States, India.

Tribal populations in India have health care challenges marked by limited access due to geographical distance, historical isolation, cultural differences, and low social stratification, and that result in weaker health indicators compared to the general population. During the pandemic, Tribal districts consistently reported lower COVID-19 vaccination coverage than non-Tribal districts. We assessed the MOMENTUM Routine Immunization Transformation and Equity (the project) strategy, which aimed to increase access to and uptake of COVID-19 vaccines among Tribal populations in Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand using the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance framework.

Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a brief accessible cognitive behavioural therapy programme for stress in school-aged adolescents (BESST): a cluster randomised controlled trial in the UK.

Background: Depression and anxiety are increasingly prevalent in adolescents. The Brief Educational Workshops in Secondary Schools Trial investigated the effectiveness of a brief accessible stress workshop programme for 16-18-year-olds. We aimed to investigate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the DISCOVER cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) workshop on symptoms of depression in 16-18-year-olds at 6 months compared with treatment-as-usual.

Evaluation of system based psychological first aid training on the mental health proficiency of emergency medical first responders to natural disasters in China: a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a system based psychological first aid (PFA) training programme for emergency medical first responders in China.

Design: Parallel-group, assessor-blinded, cluster randomised controlled trial.

Setting: 42 clusters of health workers from various health facilities in China.

Identification, Characterization, and Electronic Structures of Interconvertible Cobalt-Oxygen TAML Intermediates.

The reaction of Li[(TAML)Co]·3HO (TAML = tetraamido macrocyclic tetraanionic ligand) with iodosylbenzene at 253 K in acetone in the presence of redox-innocent metal ions (Sc(OTf) and Y(OTf)) or triflic acid affords a blue species , which is converted reversibly to a green species upon cooling to 193 K. The electronic structures of and have been determined by combining advanced spectroscopic techniques (X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR), X-ray absorption spectroscopy/extended X-ray absorption fine structure (XAS/EXAFS), and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD)) with theoretical studies. Complex is best represented as an = 1/2 [(Sol)(TAML)Co---OH(LA)] species (LA = Lewis/Brønsted acid and Sol = solvent), where an = 1 Co(III) center is antiferromagnetically coupled to = 1/2 TAML, which represents a one-electron oxidized TAML ligand.

Brief Educational Workshops in Secondary Schools Trial (BESST trial), a school-based cluster randomised controlled trial of the DISCOVER workshop for 16-18-year-olds: recruitment and baseline characteristics.

Background: The Brief Educational Workshops in Secondary Schools Trial (BESST) is an England-wide school-based cluster randomised controlled trial assessing the clinical and cost-effectiveness of an open-access psychological workshop programme (DISCOVER) for 16-18-year-olds. This baseline paper describes the self-referral and other recruitment processes used in this study and the baseline characteristics of the enrolled schools and participants.

Method: We enrolled 900 participants from 57 Secondary schools across England from 4th October 2021 to 10th November 2022.

Microbial Features Linked to Medication Strategies in Cardiometabolic Disease Management.

Human gut microbiota are recognized as critical players in both metabolic disease and drug metabolism. However, medication-microbiota interactions in cardiometabolic diseases are not well understood. To gain a comprehensive understanding of how medication intake impacts the gut microbiota, we investigated the association of microbial structure with the use of single or multiple medications in a cohort of 134 middle-aged adults diagnosed with cardiometabolic disease, recruited from Alberta's Tomorrow Project.

Beta-blockers or Placebo for Primary Prophylaxis (BOPPP) of oesophageal varices: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Liver disease is within the top five causes of premature death in adults. Deaths caused by complications of cirrhosis continue to rise, whilst deaths related to other non-liver disease areas are declining. Portal hypertension is the primary sequelae of cirrhosis and is associated with the development of variceal haemorrhage, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy and infection, collectively termed hepatic decompensation, which leads to hospitalisation and mortality.

Shorter communications: Exploring the impact of a brief smartphone-based alcohol intervention app (DrinksRation) on the quality of life of UK military veterans.

Alcohol misuse - defined as consuming more than 14 units of alcohol per week - is a well-established problem among veterans. This study investigated the change in quality of life among help-seeking UK veterans who completed a 28-day brief alcohol intervention delivered via a digital smartphone application (called DrinksRation) and have previously sought clinical help for a mental health disorder. This study was a secondary outcome analysis of data collected during a randomised control trial.

Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance Score and Mortality Risk Stratification in Heart Failure.

Background: Higher total serum cholesterol is associated with lower mortality in heart failure. Evaluating associations between lipoprotein subfractions and mortality among people with heart failure may provide insights into this observation.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled a community cohort of people with heart failure from 2003 to 2012 and assessed vital status through 2021.

Dose-Responsive Effects of Iron Supplementation on the Gut Microbiota in Middle-Aged Women.

Oral iron supplementation is the first-line treatment for addressing iron deficiency, a concern particularly relevant to women who are susceptible to sub-optimal iron levels. Nevertheless, the impact of iron supplementation on the gut microbiota of middle-aged women remains unclear. To investigate the association between iron supplementation and the gut microbiota, healthy females aged 40-65 years ( = 56, BMI = 23 ± 2.

Frailty and Metabolic Vulnerability in Heart Failure: A Community Cohort Study.

Background: Frailty is common in heart failure (HF) and is associated with death but not routinely captured clinically. Frailty is linked with inflammation and malnutrition, which can be assessed by a novel plasma multimarker score: the metabolic vulnerability index (MVX). We sought to evaluate the associations between frailty and MVX and their prognostic impact.