Combined Quantitative amyloid-β PET and Structural MRI Features Improve Alzheimer's Disease Classification in Random Forest Model - A Multicenter Study.

Rationale And Objectives: Prior to clinical presentations of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), neuropathological changes, such as amyloid-β and brain atrophy, have accumulated at the earlier stages of the disease. The combination of such biomarkers assessed by multiple modalities commonly improves the likelihood of AD etiology. We aimed to explore the discriminative ability of Aβ PET features and whether combining Aβ PET and structural MRI features can improve the classification performance of the machine learning model in older healthy control (OHC) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from AD.

Performance of GPT-4 and GPT-3.5 in generating accurate and comprehensive diagnoses across medical subspecialties.

Artificial intelligence has demonstrated a promising potential for diagnosing complex medical cases, with Generative Pre-Trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4) being the most recent advancement in this field. This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of the GPT-4 in comparison with that of its predecessor, GPT-3.5, using 81 complex medical case records from the New England Journal of Medicine .

The Effect of Social Isolation on 1-Year Outcomes After Surgical Repair of Low-Energy Hip Fracture.

Objectives: To evaluate whether social isolation or loneliness is associated with outcomes 1 year after low-energy hip fracture.

Design: Prospective inception cohort study.

Setting: Academic level I trauma center.

Limitations of GPT-4 as a geriatrician in geri-oncology case conference: A case series.

Generative pre-trained transformer 4 (GPT-4) is an artificial intelligence (AI) system with a chat interface. The number of studies testing GPT-4 in clinical applications has been increasing. We hypothesized that GPT-4 would be able to suggest management strategies for medical issues in elderly oncology patients, similar to those provided by geriatricians.

Disrupted Structural White Matter Network in Alzheimer's Disease Continuum, Vascular Dementia, and Mixed Dementia: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study.

Background: Dementia presents a significant burden to patients and healthcare systems worldwide. Early and accurate diagnosis, as well as differential diagnosis of various types of dementia, are crucial for timely intervention and management. However, there is currently a lack of clinical tools for accurately distinguishing between these types.

Hospital Careful Hand Feeding Program Reduced Feeding Tube Use in Patients with Advanced Dementia.

Objectives: Tube feeding is prevalent among patients with advanced dementia despite empirical data that suggest its lack of benefit. To provide an alternative to tube feeding for end-of-life patients, a careful hand feeding program was launched in a Hong Kong geriatric convalescent hospital in February 2017. We aim to compare the rates of feeding tube insertion before and after program implementation and determine risk factors for feeding tube insertion.

The Use of Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging for the Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease Spectrum.

Structural and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) can be used to assess hippocampal macrostructural and microstructural alterations respectively, in Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum, spanning from subjective cognitive decline (SCD) to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD. In this study, we explored the diagnostic performance of structural imaging and DKI of the hippocampus in the AD spectrum. Eleven SCD, thirty-seven MCI, sixteen AD, and nineteen age- and sex-matched normal controls (NCs) were included.

MicroRNA-128 suppresses tau phosphorylation and reduces amyloid-beta accumulation by inhibiting the expression of GSK3β, APPBP2, and mTOR in Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction And Aims: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins and amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides. Recent studies have shown that many microRNAs (miRNAs) are dysregulated in AD, and modulation of these miRNAs can influence the development of tau and Aβ pathology. The brain-specific miRNA miR-128, encoded by MIR128-1 and MIR128-2, is important for brain development and dysregulated in AD.

Interaction analyses: Enhancing understanding of chronic low back pain.

Background: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is complex. Statistical examination of influences of exposures (e.g.

Level of Amyloid-β (Aβ) Binding Leading to Differential Effects on Resting State Functional Connectivity in Major Brain Networks.

Introduction: Amyloid-β protein (Aβ) is one of the biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The recent application of interhemispheric functional connectivity (IFC) in resting-state fMRI has been used as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early dementia. In this study, we focused on the level of Aβ accumulated and its effects on the major functional networks, including default mode network (DMN), central executive network (CEN), salience network (SN), self-referential network (SRN) and sensory motor network (SMN).

The fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations signals related to amyloid uptake in high-risk populations-A pilot fMRI study.

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and subjective cognitive decline (SCD) have a higher risk to develop Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Resting-state-functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) was used to document neurological involvement in the two groups from the aspect of brain dysfunction. Accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) starts decades ago before the onset of clinical symptoms and may already have been associated with brain function in high-risk populations.

Incremental diagnostic value of 18F-Fluetemetamol PET in differential diagnoses of Alzheimer's Disease-related neurodegenerative diseases from an unselected memory clinic cohort.

To evaluate the incremental diagnostic value of 18F-Flutemetamol PET following MRI measurements on an unselected prospective cohort collected from a memory clinic. A total of 84 participants was included in this study. A stepwise study design was performed including initial analysis (based on clinical assessments), interim analysis (revision of initial analysis post-MRI) and final analysis (revision of interim analysis post-18F-Flutemetamol PET).

Reduced Pneumonia Risk in Advanced Dementia Patients on Careful Hand Feeding Compared With Nasogastric Tube Feeding.

Objectives: To compare survival and pneumonia risk among hospitalized patients with advanced dementia on nasogastric tube feeding (NGF) vs careful hand feeding (CHF) and to examine outcomes by feeding problem type.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting And Participants: Advanced dementia patients aged ≥60 years with indication for tube feeding admitted to 2 geriatric convalescent hospitals between January 1, 2015, and June 30, 2019.

Diagnostic Efficacy of Voxel-Mirrored Homotopic Connectivity in Vascular Dementia as Compared to Alzheimer's Related Neurodegenerative Diseases-A Resting State fMRI Study.

Previous studies have demonstrated that functional connectivity (FC) of different brain regions in resting state function MRI were abnormal in patients suffering from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) when comparing to healthy controls (HC) using seed based, independent component analysis (ICA) or small world network techniques. A new technique called voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) was used in the current study to evaluate the value of interhemispheric functional connectivity (IFC) as a diagnostic tool to differentiate vascular dementia (VD) from other Alzheimer's related neurodegenerative diseases. Eighty-three participants were recruited from the university hospital memory clinic.