Rise of the beta-lactams: a retrospective, comparative cohort of oral beta-lactam antibiotics as step-down therapy for hospitalized adults with acute pyelonephritis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if oral beta-lactam therapy is non-inferior to alternative therapy at discharge following inpatient treatment with an IV cephalosporin for acute pyelonephritis.

Design: Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved, multicenter, retrospective, non-inferiority cohort (15% non-inferiority margin).

Setting: Six hospitals within two healthcare systems.

A 3D Model of the Human Lung Airway for Evaluating Permeability of Inhaled Drugs.

Current in vitro cell-based methods, relying on single cell types, have structural and functional limitations in determining lung drug permeability, which is a contributing factor affecting both local and systemic drug levels. To address this issue, we investigated a 3D human lung airway model generated using a cell culture insert, wherein primary human lung epithelial and endothelial cells were cocultured at an air-liquid interface (ALI). To ensure that the cell culture mimics the physiological and functional characteristics of airway tissue, the model was characterized by evaluating several parameters such as cellular confluency, ciliation, tight junctions, mucus-layer formation, transepithelial electrical resistance, and barrier function through assaying fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran permeability.

Trochleoplasty Utilization in the Management of Patellofemoral Instability: Results From an International Survey of Surgeons.

Background: Considerable variability exists in the described clinical and radiographic indications for use, surgical techniques, postoperative management, and risk profile after trochleoplasty for the management of patellofemoral instability (PFI). In areas of clinical uncertainty, a cohesive summary of expert opinion and identification of areas of variation in current practice can be useful in guiding current practice and future research efforts.

Purpose: To assess the current indications for use, surgical techniques, postoperative rehabilitation practices, and observed complication profile for trochleoplasty in the management of PFI among surgeons who perform this procedure.

Suture Anchor Fixation of the Pediatric Posteromedial and Posterolateral Menisco-Tibial Ligament Complex Matches or Exceeds Native Tissue Strength: A Cadaveric Study.

Objectives: To compare the biomechanical strength and stiffness of the native posteromedial and posterolateral meniscotibial ligament complex (MTLC) to suture anchor repair of the MTLC.

Methods: Biomechanical testing was performed on 24 fresh-frozen pediatric human knees. Four conditions were tested: native posteromedial MTLC (n=14), native posterolateral MTLC (n=14), posteromedial MTLC repair (n=5), and posterolateral MTLC repair (n=5).

Advancing sustainability in healthcare: A scoping review of global recycling practices in operating rooms.

The healthcare sector, particularly operating rooms (ORs), generates significant waste, contributing to global environmental pollution. This scoping review aimed to assess global recycling practices in ORs across various surgical specialties, identifying key barriers and strategies for improvement. A comprehensive literature search using PubMed and Embase and PRISMA reporting guidelines yielded 35 studies for inclusion.

Unraveling Caco-2 cells through functional and transcriptomic assessments.

The static Caco-2 monolayer is an extensively utilized model for predicting the permeability of small molecules during the drug development process. While these cells can differentiate and develop key functional and morphological features that emulate human enterocytes, they do not fully replicate the complexity of human intestinal physiology. In this study, we investigated functional and morphological aspects of Caco-2 cells, alongside their transcriptomic profiles, with a particular emphasis on genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters.

Which Osteochondritis Dissecans Lesions Will Heal Nonoperatively? An Application of Machine Learning to the ROCK Prospective Cohort.

Background: There are limited evidence-based guidelines to predict which osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions will heal with nonoperative treatment.

Purpose: To train a set of classification algorithms to predict nonoperative OCD healing while identifying new clinically meaningful predictors.

Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

PSMA-Targeting Imprinted Nanogels for Prostate Tumor Localization and Imaging.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is overexpressed in prostate cancer cells and tumor vasculature, making it an important biomarker. However, conventional PSMA-targeting agents like antibodies and small molecules have limitations. Antibodies exhibit instability and complex production, while small molecules show lower specificity and higher toxicity.

Accumulation of Bioactive Lipid Species in LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation Models Analysed with Multi-Modal Mass Spectrometry Imaging.

Neuroinflammation is a complex biological process related to a variety of pathologies, often requiring better understanding in order to develop new, targeted therapeutic interventions. Within this context, multimodal Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MSI) has been used to characterise molecular changes in neuroinflammation for biomarker discovery not possible to other techniques. In this study, molecules including bioactive lipids were detected across inflamed regions of the brain in rats treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

A Simple Clinical Predictive Model for Arthroscopic Mobility of Osteochondritis Dissecans Lesions of the Knee.

Background: Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the knee is a focal idiopathic alteration of subchondral bone and/or its precursor with risk for instability and disruption of adjacent cartilage. Treatment options focused on preventing premature osteoarthritis vary depending on multiple patient and lesion characteristics, including lesion mobility.

Purpose: To differentiate lesion mobility before arthroscopy using a multivariable model that includes patient demographic characteristics and physical examination findings.

A Novel Machine Learning Model to Predict Revision ACL Reconstruction Failure in the MARS Cohort.

Background: As machine learning becomes increasingly utilized in orthopaedic clinical research, the application of machine learning methodology to cohort data from the Multicenter ACL Revision Study (MARS) presents a valuable opportunity to translate data into patient-specific insights.

Purpose: To apply novel machine learning methodology to MARS cohort data to determine a predictive model of revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (rACLR) graft failure and features most predictive of failure.

Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Annual Clinical and Economic Burden of Medically Attended Lower Respiratory Tract Illnesses Due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus among US Infants Aged <12 Months.

We developed a model to project the expected annual clinical and economic burden of medically attended lower respiratory tract illnesses due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV-LRTI) among US infants aged <12 months by combining information on population size, disease rates, mortality rates, and unit costs. Among the 3.7 million US infants aged <12 months each year, a total of 592,700 cases of RSV-LRTI (hospitalizations: 48,499; emergency department visits: 144,599; outpatient clinic visits: 399,602) were projected to occur, yielding total annual costs of $1.

Surgical Predictors of Clinical Outcome 6 Years After Revision ACL Reconstruction.

Background: Revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has been documented to have inferior outcomes compared with primary ACL reconstruction. The reasons why remain unknown.

Purpose: To determine whether surgical factors performed at the time of revision ACL reconstruction can influence a patient's outcome at 6-year follow-up.

Perioperative Management of Tibial Spine Fractures in Pediatric Patients: A Delphi Study to Identify Principles of Treatment.

Background: The Delphi technique is a structured, iterative group survey method utilized to reach a consensus among experts in a field regarding topics with evidence-based equipoise. Currently, there are few studies at the highest levels of evidence published on the perioperative tibial spine management, making it an ideal subject to utilize expert opinion to reach consensus decision.

Hypothesis/purpose: The purpose of this study was to utilize a Delphi-method survey to achieve consensus statements regarding the perioperative management of tibial spine fractures.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Has Utility in Clinical Decision-Making for Children and Adolescents With Symptomatic Subfibular Ossicles.

Unlabelled: Treatment of children with chronic ankle pain, lateral instability, and the presence of a subfibular ossicle (SO) can be challenging. When will these patients respond to nonoperative management, and when will they require surgery? The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in clinical decision-making for patients with symptomatic SOs.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of pediatric patients with lateral ankle pain, recurrent sprains, and radiographs showing SOs who had undergone an MRI as part of their diagnostic work-up.

Feasibility of a telehealth breathing intervention for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Unlabelled: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a restrictive chronic lung disease that results in scarring of the tissue due to an unknown cause. Dyspnea is experienced by 90 % of patients and is correlated with reduced quality of life and survival times. Breathing techniques can improve perceived dyspnea, however, are not readily taught outside of inpatient hospital settings and pulmonary rehabilitation programs, the latter being accessed by only 3 % of patients with chronic lung disease.

Vivifying Outbreaks: Investigating the Influence of a Forecast Visual on Risk Perceptions, Time-Urgency, and Behavioral Intentions.

Although visual depictions of epidemiological data are not new in public health, the US public saw more of them during the COVID-19 pandemic than ever before. In this study, we considered visualizations of forecasts (i.e.

Evaluation of Tibial Slope on Radiographs in Pediatric Patients With Tibial Spine Fractures: An Age- and Sex-Matched Study.

Background: A recent study has reported that the radiographic measurement of posterior tibial slope (PTS) is larger in male pediatric patients with tibial spine fractures (TSF) than in controls. However, they found no difference in PTS between female patients and controls.

Purpose: (1) To identify whether PTS is larger in female pediatric patients with TSF than in female controls and (2) to validate the relationship between PTS and pediatric TSF in male patients.

Remote Summer Research Program to Improve Opportunity and Mentorship for Underrepresented Students With Interest in Orthopaedic Surgery: 3-Year Experiences.

Introduction: Medical students are challenged with a limited number of research opportunities to help prepare for an exceptionally competitive process for matching in an orthopaedic residency. The aim of this study was to assess the 3-year experience of our 8 to 10-week remote summer research program in support of underrepresented students with an interest in orthopaedic surgery.

Methods: We received over 500 applications, and a total of 37 students (7.

A latent class analysis of factors influencing preferences for infant respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) preventives among pregnant people in the United States.

A maternal vaccine and long-acting monoclonal antibody (mAb) were recently approved to protect infants against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). We identified subgroups of pregnant people with different preferences for RSV preventives and respondent characteristics associated with subgroup membership. An online survey, including a discrete choice experiment (DCE), was conducted among US pregnant people.