Early Infant Diet and Islet Autoimmunity in the TEDDY Study.

Objective: To examine duration of breastfeeding and timing of complementary foods and risk of islet autoimmunity (IA).

Research Design And Methods: The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study prospectively follows 8,676 children with increased genetic risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the U.S.

Personal care product use as a predictor of urinary concentrations of certain phthalates, parabens, and phenols in the HERMOSA study.

Use of personal care products, such as makeup, soaps, and sunscreen, may expose adolescent girls to potential endocrine disruptors, including phthalates, parabens, and other phenols. We evaluated the relationship between recent self-reported personal care product use and concentrations for urinary metabolites of phthalates, parabens, triclosan, and benzophenone-3 (BP-3) in 100 Latina adolescents. Girls who reported using makeup every day vs.

Identification of non-HLA genes associated with development of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in the prospective TEDDY cohort.

Traditional linkage analysis and genome-wide association studies have identified HLA and a number of non-HLA genes as genetic factors for islet autoimmunity (IA) and type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the relative risk associated with previously identified non-HLA genes is usually very small as measured in cases/controls from mixed populations. Genetic associations for IA and T1D may be more accurately assessed in prospective cohorts.

Defect-concentration dependence of electrical transport mechanisms in CuO nanowires.

Investigations of the transport mechanisms of individual nanowires are important for advancing their use in applications. Based on statistical results for the temperature-dependent electrical characteristics of individual CuO nanowires, and by characterizing them using transmission electron microscopy, we have found that the defect concentration is the most important parameter affecting electron transport in nanowires. Space-charge-limited currents can be observed for sufficiently high applied voltages, for example about 10 V.

Cytotoxicity in vitro, cellular uptake, localization and apoptotic mechanism studies induced by ruthenium(II) complex.

Ruthenium-based complexes have been regarded as one of the most potential metal-based candidates for anticancer therapy. Herein, two ruthenium (II) methylimidazole complexes [Ru(MeIm)(4npip)] (complex 1) and [Ru(MeIm)(4mopip)] (complex 2) were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activities. The results showed that these ruthenium (II) methylimidazole complexes exhibited moderate antitumor activity comparable with cisplatin against A549, NCI-H460, MCF-7 and HepG2 human cancer cells, but with less toxicity to a human normal cell line HBE.

Efficient decolorization of typical azo dyes using low-frequency ultrasound in presence of carbonate and hydrogen peroxide.

The aims of this study as to evaluate and understand the decolorization of azo dyes using carbonate and hydrogen peroxide under low-frequency ultrasonic irradiation. Under optimal conditions, the decolorization ratio of acid orange 8 (AO 8), a typical azo dye, was > 90% after 2 h of irradiation. The decolorization rate of AO 8 was 0.

[ acupuncture and massage academic school with "the combination of five meridians" for post-stroke urinary incontinence].

The theory of "combination of five meridians" focuses on meridians and acupoints as well as compatibility and interrelationship of generation and restriction of five elements. By regulating corresponding meridians to diseased , the relationship of unbalanced is balanced, which can regulate body function and effectively treat diseases. Under the guide of theory "the combination of five meridians", according to etiology and pathogenesis of post-stroke urinary incontinence, wind, fire and phlegm, from three aspects of deficiency, excess and deficient root and excessive surface, under the treatment principle of "nourishing the mother if it is deficient, reducing the son if it is excessive", the original meridian, son meridian, mother meridian, conquering meridian and conquered meridian are selected while the methods of nourishing the mother, reducing the son, reinforcing the suppression and developing the weak are applied, so as to discuss the acupuncture treatment for post-stroke urinary incontinence, which can provide new clinical thoughts of acupuncture treatment for post-stroke urinary incontinence.

Blood-based biomarkers for precision medicine in lung cancer: precision radiation therapy.

Both tumors and patients are complex and models that determine survival and toxicity of radiotherapy or any other treatment ideally must take into account this variability as well as its dynamic state. The genetic features of the tumor and the host, and increasingly also the epi-genetic and proteomic characteristics, are being unraveled. Multiple techniques, including histological examination, blood sampling, measurement of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and functional and molecular imaging, can be used for this purpose.

Structures of the calcium-activated, non-selective cation channel TRPM4.

TRPM4 is a calcium-activated, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P) -modulated, non-selective cation channel that belongs to the family of melastatin-related transient receptor potential (TRPM) channels. Here we present the electron cryo-microscopy structures of the mouse TRPM4 channel with and without ATP. TRPM4 consists of multiple transmembrane and cytosolic domains, which assemble into a three-tiered architecture.

Targeting erythropoietin protects against proteinuria in type 2 diabetic patients and in zebrafish.

Objective: Adult human kidneys produce erythropoietin (EPO), which regulates red blood cell formation; however, whether EPO also functions directly on kidney development and controls diabetic kidney disease remains unknown. Here we analyzed the role of EPO in kidney development and under hyperglycemic conditions in zebrafish and in humans.

Methods: Diabetic patients and respective controls were enrolled in two cohorts.

High efficiency cabin air filter in vehicles reduces drivers' roadway particulate matter exposures and associated lipid peroxidation.

Commuters who spend long hours on roads are exposed to high levels of traffic related air pollutants (TRAPs). Despite some well-known multiple adverse effects of TRAPs on human health, limited studies have focused on mitigation strategies to reduce these effects. In this study, we measured fine particulate matter (PM2.

Acute connexin43 temporal and spatial expression in response to ischemic stroke.

Connexin43 (Cx43) gap junctions expressed in astrocytes can significantly impact neuronal survival in stroke. However, little is known regarding Cx43 spatial and temporal expression during the initial stages of brain ischemia. Using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis, we examined Cx43 spatial and temporal expression as a function of neuronal injury within the first 24 h after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO).

Correction to: Respiratory infections are temporally associated with initiation of type 1 diabetes autoimmunity: the TEDDY study.

The authors regret that the SNP in SH2B3 was incorrectly referred to as rs3184505 instead of rs3184504 on both mentions in this paper (Methods section and Table 1).

Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration and Risk of Islet Autoimmunity.

We examined the association between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration and islet autoimmunity (IA) and whether vitamin D gene polymorphisms modify the effect of 25(OH)D on IA risk. We followed 8,676 children at increased genetic risk of type 1 diabetes at six sites in the U.S.

Simultaneous detection and characterization of toxigenic Clostridium difficile directly from clinical stool specimens.

We employed a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with capillary electrophoresis (mPCR-CE) targeting six Clostridium difficile genes, including tpi, tcdA, tcdB, cdtA, cdtB, and a deletion in tcdC for simultaneous detection and characterization of toxigenic C. difficile directly from fecal specimens. The mPCR-CE had a limit of detection of 10 colony-forming units per reaction with no cross-reactions with other related bacterial genes.

Association Between Early-Life Antibiotic Use and the Risk of Islet or Celiac Disease Autoimmunity.

Importance: Evidence is lacking regarding the consequences of antibiotic use in early life and the risk of certain autoimmune diseases.

Objective: To test the association between early-life antibiotic use and islet or celiac disease (CD) autoimmunity in genetically at-risk children prospectively followed up for type 1 diabetes (T1D) or CD.

Design, Setting, And Participants: HLA-genotyped newborns from Finland, Germany, Sweden, and the United States were enrolled in the prospective birth cohort of The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study between November 20, 2004, and July 8, 2010.

Transitional basal cells at the squamous-columnar junction generate Barrett's oesophagus.

In several organ systems, the transitional zone between different types of epithelium is a hotspot for pre-neoplastic metaplasia and malignancy, but the cells of origin for these metaplastic epithelia and subsequent malignancies remain unknown. In the case of Barrett's oesophagus, intestinal metaplasia occurs at the gastro-oesophageal junction, where stratified squamous epithelium transitions into simple columnar cells. On the basis of a number of experimental models, several alternative cell types have been proposed as the source of this metaplasia but in all cases the evidence is inconclusive: no model completely mimics Barrett's oesophagus in terms of the presence of intestinal goblet cells.

Structure of mammalian endolysosomal TRPML1 channel in nanodiscs.

Transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) is a cation channel located within endosomal and lysosomal membranes. Ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells, its loss-of-function mutations are the direct cause of type IV mucolipidosis, an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease. Here we present the single-particle electron cryo-microscopy structure of the mouse TRPML1 channel embedded in nanodiscs.

Co-occurrence of Type 1 Diabetes and Celiac Disease Autoimmunity.

Background And Objectives: Few birth cohorts have prospectively followed development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and celiac disease (CD) autoimmunities to determine timing, extent of co-occurrence, and associated genetic and demographic factors.

Methods: In this prospective birth cohort study, 8676 children at high genetic risk of both diseases were enrolled and 5891 analyzed in median follow-up of 66 months. Along with demographic factors and HLA-DR-DQ, genotypes for HLA-DPB1 and 5 non-HLA loci conferring risk of both T1D and CD were analyzed.

Pandemrix® vaccination is not associated with increased risk of islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes in the TEDDY study children.

Aims/hypothesis: During the A/H1N1 2009 (A/California/04/2009) pandemic, mass vaccination with a squalene-containing vaccine, Pandemrix®, was performed in Sweden and Finland. The vaccination was found to cause narcolepsy in children and young adults with the HLA-DQ 6.2 haplotype.

Performance of a Multiplex Serological Helicobacter pylori Assay on a Novel Microfluidic Assay Platform.

Infection with () occurs in 50% of the world population, and is associated with the development of ulcer and gastric cancer. Serological diagnostic tests indicate an infection by detecting antibodies directed against proteins. In addition to line blots, multiplex assay platforms provide smart solutions for the simultaneous analysis of antibody responses towards several proteins.

FOXO1: Another avenue for treating digestive malignancy?

Digestive malignancies are the leading cause of mortality among all neoplasms, contributing to estimated 3 million deaths in 2012 worldwide. The mortality rate hassurpassed lung cancer and prostate cancer in recent years. The transcription factor Forkhead Box O1 (FOXO1) is a key member of Forkhead Box family, regulating diverse cellular functions during tumor initiation, progression and metastasis.

Clinical characteristics and survival of lung cancer patients associated with multiple primary malignancies.

Objectives: To investigate the characteristics and survival of lung cancer patients with additional malignant primary cancers.

Methods: Records of lung cancer patients newly diagnosed in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital between January 2000 and January 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with second primary lung cancer and those with lung cancer only were included for detailed analysis.

Gestational respiratory infections interacting with offspring HLA and CTLA-4 modifies incident β-cell autoantibodies.

β-cell autoantibodies against insulin (IAA), GAD65 (GADA) and IA-2 (IA-2A) precede onset of childhood type 1 diabetes (T1D). Incidence of the first appearing β-cell autoantibodies peaks at a young age and is patterned by T1D-associated genes, suggesting an early environmental influence. Here, we tested if gestational infections and interactions with child's human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and non-HLA genes affected the appearance of the first β-cell autoantibody.

Synthesis, characterization, cellular uptake and apoptosis-inducing properties of two highly cytotoxic cyclometalated ruthenium(II) β-carboline complexes.

Two new cyclometalated Ru(II) complexes of the general formula [Ru(N-N)(1-Ph-βC)](PF), where N-N = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (dmb, Ru1), 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy, Ru2), and 1-Ph-βC (1-phenyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole) is a β-carboline alkaloids derivatives, have been synthesized and characterized. The in vitro cytotoxicities, cellular uptake and localization, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis-inducing mechanisms of these complexes have been extensively explored by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), flow cytometry, comet assay, inverted fluorescence microscope as well as western blotting experimental techniques. Notably, Ru1 and Ru2 exhibit potent antiproliferative activities against selected human cancer cell lines with IC values lower than those of cisplatin and other non-cyclometalated Ru(II) β-carboline complexes.