Evaluation of Analytes Characterized with Potential Protective Action after Rat Exposure to Lead.

Lead (Pb) was revealed for its role as a neurodevelopmental toxin. The determination of neurotransmitters (NTs) in particular brain regions could ameliorate the precise description and optimization of therapeutic protocols able to restore the harmony of signaling pathways in nervous and immune systems. The determination of selected analytes from the group of NTs based on the liquid chromatography (LC)-based method was carried out to illustrate the changes of amino acid (AA) and biogenic amine (BA) profiles observed in chosen immune and nervous systems rat tissues after Pb intoxication.

[Neurotransmitter disturbances in some parts of the rat brain and their correction under chronic and intermittent alcohol intoxication].

The pool of key neuromediators and some neurotransmitter amino acids in cerebellum, hypothalamus and midbrain of rats exposed to chronic and different variants of interrupted alcohol intoxication was investigated. The most pronounced changes were recorded in midbrain. Chronic alcohol intoxication caused an increase in the concentrations of tyrosine, dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), noradrenaline, tryptophan, serotonin, GABA and aspartate in this part of the rat brain.

[Assessment of the effects of chronic administration of zinc aspartate and zinc sulfate on amino acid metabolism indicators in tissues and the morphology of small intestine in young rats].

Enteral administration (every day, 10 times) of zinc aspartate (33 mg/kg) or zinc sulfate (25 mg/kg) to young rats weighing 50 - 60 g induces an amino acid imbalance in the blood plasma, liver, and myocardium. Zinc sulfate causes much more pronounced changes in the amino acid balance in the liver and myocardium, as compared to that in rats treated with zinc aspartate. One possible mechanism of the above changes can be the effect of zinc salts on nutrient absorption processes and metabolic features of zinc cations in the small intestine.

[Effect of infliximab on amino acid content in blood lymphocytes of alcohol-intoxicated rats].

Dose-dependent effects of monoclonal antibodies to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) in the form of infliximab preparation have been studied in Wistar rats upon with alcohol intoxication for 10 weeks (Lieber- De Carli liquid diet). It is established that the intraperitoneal administration of infliximab within the last 10 days of alcoholization in doses of 1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg leads to dose-dependent changes in individual indices of the free amino acids pool and the amino acid balance in blood lymphocytes. Infliximab administered on the background of alcohol intoxication increases the pool of free amino acids and activates their metabolism in rat blood lymphocytes, which is probably due to inactivation of TNFalpha and adaptive changes in the amino acid transport system.

[Effect of tritarg on proteinogenic amino acid spectrum in blood serum and lymphocytes].

Single intragastric injection of tritarg leads to different multidirectional changes in the concentration of free proteinogenic amino acids in the blood serum and lymphocytes isolated from the blood and liver. Changes in the amino acid stock of blood and liver lymphocytes were observed 3 and 24 hours after the drug injection. The changes in concentrations of individual free amino acids are more pronounced in liver lymphocytes than in blood lymphocytes.

[Toxicological evaluation of chronic exposure to dinil].

Experiments on rats were carried out to study the effect of dinil on the animals on chronic intake of the agent in the quantities exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations by many times. Despite few biochemical changes, there was a certain tension of adaptive processes, which appeared as a change mainly in the integral characteristics of the plasma amino acid pool. The observed changes in the levels of neurotransmitters and neuroactive amino acids in the striatum, midbrain, and hypothalamus are characterized by specific characteristics and may underlie the negative effect of dinil on central nervous system functions.

[Influence of taurine-zinc sulfate composition on the free amino acid level in blood plasma and the liver].

The intraperitoneal injection of taurine--zinc sulfate composition (400 mg/kg body weight) led to a considerable increase in the plasma taurine levels, activated the hepatic uptake of free amino acids, and modulated the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids.

Morphological changes in the liver, thymus, spleen, and small intestine of animals after leucine treatment.

Leucine treatment (100 mg/kg daily for 5 days) leads to activation of the hepatocyte nuclear system and granular endoplasmic reticulum and to a drastic increase in the number of mitochondria, characterized by polymorphism. In the spleen, Malpighian bodies and periarterial lymphoid sheaths are enlarged, lymphocytes infiltrate the periarterial zone, and the mantle zone is enlarged. In the thymus, the width of the cortical matter shrinks, while that of the medulla increases.

[Using leucine and zinc sulfate for the correction of metabolic disturbances induced by paracetamol].

A mixture of leucine and zinc sulfate (4 : 1; 100 mg/kg body weight) produces a hepatoprotective effect, preventing the ultrastructural injury of hepatic tissue and the disturbance of free amino acid metabolism caused by a toxic dose of paracetamol.

[Glucocorticosteroid status and free amino acid level in blood plasma of rats under increased tolerance to ethanol].

The data are presented on the effects of ethanol treatment (3.5 g/kg of a 25 % solution, singly, daily, intraperitoneally for 1, 4, 7, 10 days) on development of tolerance to ethanol as assessed by changes in ethanol-induced sleep, corticosterone level dynamics and free aminoacis content in rat blood plasma.

[Dynamics of structural changes in rat liver after single dose of gamma-irradiation].

Histological changes and alterations in biophysical and biochemical parameters in liver of gamma-irradiate rats have been investigated. The gamma-irradiation of the whole body of rats with a single dose of 1 Gy did not cause any impairments of beam structure of rat liver, but resulted in the lymphocytic infiltrations of portal tracts which were not accompanied by formation of spotty areas of necrosis in adjacent areas of lever parenchyma. gamma-Irradiation stimulated proliferation of the hepatocytes and induced time-dependent mitochondrial structure lesions.

[The role of liver antioxidant system in predisposition of rats to hepatotoxic effect of ethanol].

A new methodological approach capable of revealing factors responsible for the susceptibility of rat liver to ethanol hepatotoxicity has been developed. Using the correlation, dispersion, iteration, multifactor regression, and canonical analyses, a relation was established between the initial state of the liver antioxidant system and the character and degree of the subsequent ethanol-induced damage. In particular, it was found that intact animals with initially low level of reduced glutathione and retinols in the liver, as well as those with enzymopathy of cytosol HDNB-glutathione-8-transferase, are more susceptible to the ethanol liver damage.

[Regulation of intracellular CoA pool as one of approaches to correction of metabolic disorders].

The problems of biosynthesis of coenzyme A, its transport into the mitochondria, and compartmentalization in mammalian cells have been reviewed. Co A pool structure in liver cells and the in myocardium under different pathobiochemical conditionsis discussed. Experimental data which have now been accumulated can be used as a basis for correction of the metabolic disturbances of different etiology.

[The effect of polyamine on the structure of the free amino acid pool in the blood plasma and in the liver of animals with chronic alcoholic intoxication].

The effect of polyamine on the total content of free amino acids and the structure of the amino acid fund in blood plasma and hepatic tissue was studied in rats with chronic alcoholic intoxication. Rapid utilization of exogenic introduced amino acids and a normalizing effect of the drug on the structure of the amino acid fund were demonstrated. The high concentration of aromatic amino acids in the drug may be among the causes of the increased content of this fraction of amino acids in the tissues studied after administration of the drug.

[A comparative assessment of diagnostic value of the study of leukocytes and lymphocytes by microscopy and laser flow cytometry in patients with HIV infection].

A total of 135 subjects, 54 of them HIV infected and 81 donors (controls) were examined by microscopy and laser flow cytometry. A certain reduction of the total leukocyte count and of absolute lymphocyte count in the peripheral blood and a comparatively higher percent content of these cells were observed in HIV infected subjects examined for the first time. Laser flow cytometry proved to be a more informative method both for the assessment of the total count of leukocytes (p < 0.

[The diagnostic value of different test systems for the screening determination of antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus].

Evaluation of the quality of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) systems by their sensitivity and specificity is inadequate, mainly due to the impossibility of detecting early or latent HIV infection in humans as it manifests by seroconversion only to a few HIV proteins. The additional evaluation criterion (confirmation rate) has been introduced, and an original method for the integral evaluation of the quality of assay systems intended for the diagnosis of HIV infection by EIA techniques has been proposed.

[Formation of free fatty acid pool in the liver of rats during starvation].

Absolute starvation during 2 days induces increased levels of taurine, phosphoethanolamine, ethanolamine, glycine, serine, threonine and decreased levels of aspartate, lysine, methionine and cystine in the rat liver. The ration of nonessential to essential, and glycogenic to ketogenic amino acids increased on the average by 30%. On day 4 of starvation the level of nonessential glycogenic amino acids is significantly lowered, while the concentration of essential ketogenic amino acids is increased.

[Thiamine diphosphate pool and its biosynthesis in the liver in galactosamine hepatitis].

The hepatitis-like changes were induced in the liver of albino female rats weighing 120-150 g and fed on the appropriate vivarium diet by single parenteral administration of hydrochloride galactosamine in a dose of 0.9 or 1.8 mmol per 1 kg of body weight.

[Coa biosynthesis and the structure of its reserve in the liver in mice with diabetes (db/db) after administration of pantothenic acid derivatives].

In the liver of genetically diabetic mice (db/db) a rise of CoA and alterations in the structure of its moiety (an increase in CoA/short-chain fatty acyl-CoA and CoA/long-chain fatty acyl-CoA ratios) were found being one of the hyperlipogenesis-providing factors. A rise of the content of CoA in diabetes was caused by the activation of its biosynthesis from vitamin-containing precursors; an increase in the deposition of the latter in panthotenate-protein complexes was also noted. Panthetine and 4'-phosphopanthotenate administration to diabetic animals returned to normal the level of total and free CoA and the ratios of separate components in the structure of coenzyme moiety, and the content of CoA precursors (phosphopantheteine and dephospho-CoA) in the liver.