[Protein kinases role in adaptive phenomenon of heart ischemic postconditioning development].

Authors submitted an analysis of papers given up an involvement of protein kinases in heart ischemic postconditioning. This analysis of literature source allowed to authors affirms that signaling system of postconditioning can involve kinases: PKC, PI3K, Akt, MEKl/2, ERK1/2, MTOR, p70s6K, GSK3b, PKG and also eNOS, NO, GC, motoKATP channel, ROS, MPT pore. At the same time it is unclear a real contributions of kinases mTOR, p70s6, AMPK and GSK3b in the mechanism of infarct limiting impact of postconditioning.

[Effect of azole derivatives on lucigenin-dependent microsome chemiluminescence].

Both metronidazole and aminotriazole increased while sanazole (drug AK-2123) decreased the NADPH/lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence of liver microsomes of phenobarbital-treated rats. Sanazole strongly inhibited the lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence in the enzyme system of xanthine-xanthine oxidase. Aminotriazole and metronidazole were less potent inhibitors of chemiluminescence less than sanazole.

[Effect of sanazole and metrinidazole on production of reactive oxygen species by macrophages].

The in vitro effect of sanazole (AK-2123; N-(2'-methoxyethyl)-2-[3"-nitro-1"-triazolyl]acetamide) and metronidazole (1-beta-hydroxyethyl-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole) on phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated and spontaneous (without stimulation by PMA) production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by peritoneal and splenic murine macrophages was studied. ROS production was analyzed using fluorescent probe 2',7'-dichlorofluoresceine diacetate (DCFH-DA). An increase in the spontaneous production of ROS by macrophagal cells with therapeutic concentration of sanazole (0.

[Effect of platinum derivatives on microsomal NADPH-oxidoreductase activity].

The influence of platinum derivatives, cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum) and imidazolplatin (cis-diimidazoledichloroplatinum) on the activity of rat liver microsomal NADPH-oxidoreductases was investigated in vitro using spectrophotometrical and chemiluminometrical methods. In the range of concentrations from 1 to 12 microM cisplatin inhibited NADPH-cytochrome c-reductase activity and NADPH/lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence of microsomes. The 3 microM cisplatin decreased the NADPH-dependent reductase activity by 50%.

[Geometrical model of spiral-cyclical self-organization of morphofunctional modules with two-dimensional (2D) transfer channels].

The general model of spiral-cyclic self-organization of morphofunctional modules has been studied with the help of elliptic Riemannian geometry. Depending on the level of hierarchy cells, groups of cells, macromolecules or subcellular components can function as separate biological units. The hierarchically coordinated morphofunctional modules of biological pattern with two-dimensional (2D) channels of morphogenes transfer are formed in the process of geometric transformation.

[Indices of proteolysis in evaluation of resorption in bone tumors].

Activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases, collagenase, cathepsin D, trypsin-like proteinases, alpha(1)-proteinase inhibitor (alpha(1)-PI), alpha(2)-macroglobulin (alpha(2)-MG) were measured in blood plasma and tumor tissue of patients with giant-cell tumor of the bone (GCTB) and bone chondrosarcoma. These tumors differed by enzymatic activities. GCTB is characterized by increased activity of alkaline phosphatase, while in chondrosarcoma tissue the activities of collagenase and cathepsin D were the highest.

[The comparative biochemical and morphological characteristics of chondrosarcoma and giant-cell tumor of the bone].

Spectrometry has been employed to assess the levels of collagenase, catepsin D, trypsin-like proteinases and their inhibitors as well as bone acid and alkaline phosphatase both in the center and along the periphery of giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) and chondrosarcoma. The levels of collagenase, trypsin-like proteinases and their inhibitors in the center of chondrosarcoma were much higher while those of alkaline phosphatase--lower than along tumor periphery. The catepsin D and acid phosphatase concentrations of the center and periphery of chondrosarcoma were similar.

[Macrophagal polykaryons].

The mechanisms of formation, morphology and functions of macrophagal polykaryons are discussed. These giant multinuclear cells are formed by means of macrophagal cell fusion ("natural hybridization") and specialized on the extra- and intracellular processes of resorption of the foreign body and tissues of the proper organism. The formation of macrophagal polykaryons seems to be one of the possible manifestation of reactive histiocytosis in chronic inflammation and tumor growth.

[Hypoxic bioreductive agents: the possible immune and receptor-mediated mechanisms of antitumor action].

The article discusses the possible mechanisms of the antineoplastic effect of hypoxic bioreducing agents (HBA) when they are used in low nonhypoxic doses. Experimental and clinical studies provide evidence of the occurrence of stages which in administration of HBA into the organisms of the tumor-carrier may develop in succession, leading to stimulation of antineoplastic immunity: GBA activation in the hypoxic neoplastic tissue, conjugation of HBA metabolites with the macromolecules of the tumor cells, and presentation of the epitopes of neoantigens in association with the main complex of class I histocompatibility (MCH) cytolysis of these cells by T-killers. This process may be similar to that in contact sensitivity to low-molecular compounds (a variant of the reaction of delayed hypersensitivity [DH]) in the neoplastic focus.

Generation of sanazole nitro radicals by xanthine oxidase.

The formation of sanazole (drug AK-2123) radicals by the xanthine--xanthine oxidase system was studied by spectrophotometry in hypoxygenic (pO2 = 45 +/- 5 mm Hg) and normoxygenic (pO2 = 150 +/- 4 mm Hg) media. At concentrations from 0.1 to 10.

[The effect of ionizing radiation and radiosensitizing agent AK-2123 on luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of human neutrophils].

The method of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) was used to study the influence of gamma- and fast electrons-irradiation on secretion of reactive oxygen species of neutrophils in enrich suspension and in presence of all blood components. In vitro gamma-irradiation (from 5 to 25 Gy) of the neutrophil suspension inhibited spontaneous CL and activated stimulated by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) (100 nM) in the period 30-60 min after radiation. The time of maximum PMA-stimulated CL amplitude was decreased with the dose range from 2(5) to 25(30) Gy for gamma- and fast electrons-irradiation.

[The artificial joint in the biological environment].

The mechanisms of the joint endoprothesis components evolution and wear as well as development periarthric tissue membrane are discussed. The loosing process is connected with immuno-inflammatory reactions in periarthric tissues on products' wear and modified proteins which activate the bone resorption and/or proliferative reactions as ectopic bone formation. Systemic effects of artificial joints can be connected with migration of metal ions and primated in periarthric tissues of immunocompetent cells.

[Effect of metronidazole on luminol dependent chemiluminescence of neutrophils in whole blood of patients with chlamydial infection].

In vivo effect of metronidazole on the active oxygen production by neutrophils in the peripheral blood of patients with urogenital chlamydial infection (9 females and 7 males) was studied with the use of luminol dependent chemiluminescence. Metronidazole was administered orally in a dose of 250 mg twice a day for 10 days. Blood for the specimens was collected prior to the treatment and on the next day of the treatment course completion.

[Metronidazole effect on active oxygen production by human blood neutrophils].

The in vitro effect of metronidazole on production of active oxygen by neutrophila and in the enzymatic system of glucose-glucose oxidase-peroxidase was studied by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. An increase in the spontaneous and zymozan-stimulated chemiluminescence and a decrease in the phorbolmyristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated chemiluminescence after 2-hour preincubation of the neutrophils with 8.5 mM of metronidazole were observed.

[Neutrophil chemiluminescence using the Luminometer-1251 device and the Lumograf program].

Luminometer-1251 device in complex with the IBM-PC type computer was used to record the neutrophilic chemiluminescence response. Luminol-dependent chemiluminescent response of human neutrophils treated with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate in concentrations from 0.5 to 100 nM was examined over a 5 h incubation period.

[The effect of He-Ne laser radiation on the chemiluminescence of human neutrophils].

A study was made of the influence of He-Ne laser radiation (lambda = 632.8 nm) on spontaneous chemiluminescence (CL) of human neutrophils as well as its effect on CL stimulated by calcium ionophore (A23187) and protein kinase activator (phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, PMA). In vitro irradiation of the blood and a neutrophil suspension activated spontaneous CL and modulated that stimulated by A23187 (1 microM) and PMA (10 nM) within the dose range from 0.

[The oxidative metabolism of the blood neutrophilic granulocytes in precancer and cancer of the stomach].

The results of investigation of blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes oxidative metabolism by nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test and luminol-dependent chemiluminescence in patients with gastric precancer and cancer are presented. Chemiluminescence was increased in the patients of both groups as compared with control. Disturbances in oxidative metabolism of neutrophils was detectable by NBT test when functional test was used.

[Low activity of antioxidant enzymes in tumor cells as a factor of oxygen dependence of antitumor cytotoxicity of macrophages].

The author studied dependence of cytotoxicity of peritoneal macrophages of Wistar rats on the production of active oxygen form (AOF) and activity of antioxidative enzymes in target cells. Low activity of glutathione-peroxidase and glutathione-reductase in K562 cells could be the cause of macrophage cytotoxicity realization along AOF-dependent way.

[High activity of antioxidant enzymes in a tumor as a factor of "avoidance of control" in the immune system].

The enzymes that utilize H2O2 and lipoperoxides as well as the enzymes of the bioregeneration system glutathione and NADP+ have been examined for activity in the superficial and deep regions of DMBA-induced rat fibrosarcoma and the adjoining skeletal muscle. The activities shown by catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and glucoso-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were 2-3 times higher and reduced glutathione levels were lower in the superficial than in deep areas. The high antioxidant potential of the tumor superficial areas is proposed to be due to the oxygen-dependent mechanisms by which macrophages and neutrophils select tumor cell clones by the given sign.

[Participation of lipid peroxidation in complement-mediated hemolysis].

Activation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) was recorded during complement-mediated erythrocyte cytolysis. It preceded hemoglobin release and was, presumably, the reason for pore formation in cell membranes. Correlation between the formation of Schiff bases and the decrease in malondialdehyde concentration is suggested.