Risk of Carcinogenicity Associated with Synthetic Hair Dyeing Formulations: A Biochemical View on Action Mechanisms, Genetic Variation and Prevention.

Article tries to visualize the potential for carcinogenic trigger in humans with a preference for oxidative synthetic of hair dyeing formulations, especially which belong to the category of permanent colours. According to the International Agency for Cancer, hair dyes for personal use are not strictly classified as carcinogen to humans. However, some controversy exists that requires clarification.

Rising healthcare expenditure on tuberculosis: Can India achieve the End TB goal?

Objective: To examine the out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE), healthcare burden, catastrophic health expenditure, hardship financing and impoverishment effects of TB treatment in India.

Methods: Data of three rounds of National Statistic Surveys 60th 2004-05, 71st 2013-14 and 75th 2017-18. Descriptive statistics, bivariate estimates and multivariate models were performed to calculate the OOPE, healthcare burden, catastrophic health expenditure, hardship financing and impoverishment using standard definitions at December 2019 price values.

Socioeconomic Impact of Hospitalization Expenditure for Treatment of Noncommunicable Diseases in India: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Analysis of National Sample Survey Data, 2004 to 2018.

Objectives: This article explores the consequences of hospitalization expenditure on noncommunicable diseases (NCD) and its impact on out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE), catastrophic health expenditure, impoverishment, and hardship financing of households in India.

Methods: Data on hospitalized cases of NCDs from the 3 rounds of National Sample Surveys (NSS) (2004, 2014, 2018) were used. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to investigate the socioeconomic differentials of the impact of OOPE on catastrophic health expenditure, impoverishment, and exposure to hardship financing.

Burden and cost of communicable, maternal, perinatal and nutrition deficiency diseases in India.

Background: Globally 36% of deaths and 42% of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) are due to communicable, maternal, perinatal and nutritional disorders (CMPND). We examined the state-wise disease burden and treatment cost for these diseases in India for 2017.

Methods: DALYs for CMPND was obtained from National Disease Burden Estimate (NBE) Study and the expenditure was determined from the unit level records of persons who reported hospitalization for one or more CMPND in National Sample Survey (NSS)-75th Round.

Levels of anti-fructose-modified HSA antibodies correlate with disease status in diabetic subjects.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the changes induced in HSA upon fructose-modification and to use the modified protein as an antigen for studying the presence of antibodies in diabetic patients. Further, magnitude of oxidative stress was also assessed.

Methods: HSA was modified with fructose, changes induced were studied by DSC measurements and near-UV CD.

Pathophysiological Role of Peroxynitrite Induced DNA Damage in Human Diseases: A Special Focus on Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP).

Peroxynitrite is formed in biological systems when nitric oxide and superoxide rapidly interact at near equimolar ratio. Peroxynitrite, though not a free radical by chemical nature, is a powerful oxidant which reacts with proteins, DNA and lipids. These reactions trigger a wide array of cellular responses ranging from subtle modulations of cell signaling to overwhelming oxidative injury, committing cells to necrosis or apoptosis.

Fructosylation generates neo-epitopes on human serum albumin.

Hyperglycemia is the defining feature of diabetes mellitus. The persistently high levels of reducing sugars like glucose and fructose cause glycation of various macromolecules in the body. Human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant serum protein with a myriad of functions, is prone to glycation and consequent alteration in its structural and biological properties.

Preferential recognition of peroxynitrite-modified human serum albumin by circulating autoantibodies in cancer.

Peroxynitrite is a potent oxidizing and nitrating agent and has in vivo existence. Several studies have shown the damaging role of this molecule in biological system. Human serum albumin (HSA), being most abundant plasma protein, is easily targeted by different oxidizing and nitrating agents.