Efficacy of letrozole versus clomiphene citrate on ovulation induction in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Objectives: To compare the efficacy of letrozole (LTZ) vs clomiphene citrate (CC) for ovulation induction in patients having polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).

Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted at The Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nishtar Medical University Hospital, Multan, Pakistan from January 2021 to June 2021. A total of 78 women aged 18 to 30 years, diagnosed having PCOS were enrolled.

Validity of STONE Score in Clinical Prediction of Ureteral Stone Disease.

Objective: To determine the external validity of STONE score for predicting the probability of ureteral stone in patients presenting in emergency department with suspicion of ureteral stones.

Methods: In this prospective validation study, a total of 134 patients aged above 18 years, and first time arrived in the emergency unit for treatment of flank pain and then referred for the CT scan for suspected ureteral stone in Sandeman Provincial Hospital, Quetta, from 10-June-2018 to 15-Oct-2019 were included. STONE score calculation was done before sending the patient to the CT scan, using the same protocol as defined by Moore et al.

Iron Deficiency Anaemia In Pakistan: Celiac Disease An Underlying Cause.

Background: Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is common in Pakistani population and an important cause of morbidity. Celiac disease (CD) is an important contributor and its diagnosis is frequently missed especially if present in atypical/non-diarrhoeal form. Non-responders to iron replacement therapy typically raises suspicion of celiac disease as underlying cause.