Testicular tumours in children: a single-centre experience.

Introduction: Testicular tumours in childhood have diverse characteristics for different age ranges. This study aimed to describe the pattern, presentation and outcomes of primary testicular tumours in a paediatric population.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted from January 2010 to December 2020 on children (≤18 years) with a diagnosis of primary testicular tumour.

Feasibility of nonoperative treatment of acute appendicitis in children: a prospective cohort study.

Introduction: The management of acute appendicitis is a matter of debate even in contemporary era. Non-operative management is proposed as a valid treatment option for acute appendicitis in children.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted from April 2020 to September 2021 at the National Institute of Child Health, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan, in children aged ≤ 12 years who were suspected of having acute appendicitis.

A Viable and sustainable flat- membrane plate-and-frame module for spent acid regeneration and metal ion recovery.

This study provides techno-economical insights for acid regeneration and metal recovery from spent acidic wastewater by a diffusion dialysis plate-and-frame module using Quaternized Polyepichlorohydrin - Polyacrylonitrile (QPECH-PAN) membranes. Quaternized Polyepichlorohydrin (QPECH) membranes were synthesized using 1,4-diazobicyclo[2.2.

Drinking water quality monitoring, assessment and management in Pakistan: A review.

In this review, the importance of a robust frame work for drinking water quality monitoring, assessment and management has been discussed. This review presents the global overview of the drinking water quality, illuminating the global challenges of water supply system from catchment to consumers and briefly discussing appropriate regulatory frameworks and risk analysis tools. It also presents meticulous summaries of water reports released by the government and non-governmental organizations with special emphasis on health-based targets, proposed strategies related to preventive risk management (through water safety planning), environmental impact assessment (EIA), and independent surveillance in Pakistan.

Design of a facile, green and efficient graphene oxide-based electrochemical sensor for analysis of acetaminophen drug.

Unlabelled: In this study an efficient and environment friendly electrochemical sensor has been designed for the analysis of acetaminophen (APAP) drug. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, differential pulse voltammetry and cyclic voltammetric techniques were used to demonstrate the fabricated erGO/GCE sensor performance. Voltammetric assessment of acetaminophen drug was done using bare GC electrode, drop-casted GO/GC electrode and erGO/GCE electrochemical sensor.

Biallelic mutations in pakistani families with autosomal recessive prelingual nonsyndromic hearing loss.

Background: Nonsyndromic autosomal recessive hearing loss (DFNB) is an etiologically heterogeneous disorder group showing a wide spectrum of onset ages and severity. DFNB genes are very diverse in their types and functions, making molecular diagnosis difficult. DFNB is particularly frequent in Pakistan, which may be partly due to consanguinity.

Biochar-Mediated Zirconium Ferrite Nanocomposites for Tartrazine Dye Removal from Textile Wastewater.

To meet the current challenges concerning the removal of dyes from wastewater, an environmentally friendly and efficient treatment technology is urgently needed. The recalcitrant, noxious, carcinogenic and mutagenic compound dyes are a threat to ecology and its removal from textile wastewater is challenge in the current world. Herein, biochar-mediated zirconium ferrite nanocomposites (BC-ZrFeO NCs) were fabricated with wheat straw-derived biochar and applied for the adsorptive elimination of Tartrazine dye from textile wastewater.

Neuroprotective effects of 2-(2-thienyl) benzothiazoline on gross motor skill deficits in rotenone induced rat model of Parkinson's disease.

In elderly aged people, Parkinson's disease is reported as 2nd most prevailing neuro-degenerative disease. Presently benzothiazole derivatives are gaining attention after showing positive results in various animal models for the investigation of different motor-diseases. In Current work, the 2- (2 Thienyl)Benzothiazoline is synthesized and its therapeutic effect was evaluated against rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease.

Variety Of Gastrointestinal Duplications In Children: Experience At Tertiary Care Hospital.

Background: Gastrointestinal duplication is a rare developmental anomaly that can be present anywhere along the GI tract, most often being found in ileum. The purpose of this study is to share our experience in evaluation of the presentation, investigations, management challenges and complications of patients with this very rare condition.

Methods: This descriptive case series was conducted at the Department of Paediatric Surgery, National Institute of Child Health Karachi, Pakistan, from April 2018 to October 2019.

Place & Person involved in delivery: Factors leading to delay in diagnosis of Anorectal Malformation in Newborns.

Objective: To determine the frequency of place of delivery and person detecting the anomaly among newborn babies presenting with delayed diagnosis of anorectal malformation (ARM).

Methods: This is a Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study, conducted at Department of Paediatric Surgery, National Institute of Child Health (NICH) Karachi, from February 19, 2019 to August 18, 2019. All patients with ARM who were diagnosed beyond two hours of life (Delayed diagnosis) were included in the study.

Novel homozygous mutations in Pakistani families with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

Background: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a group of genetically and clinically heterogeneous peripheral nervous system disorders. Few studies have identified genetic causes of CMT in the Pakistani patients.

Methods: This study was performed to identify pathogenic mutations in five consanguineous Pakistani CMT families negative for PMP22 duplication.

Analysis of the conformational changes caused by the mutations in mitofusin2 gene by Insilico approach.

Objective: To find the effect of pathogenic Mitofusin 2 mutations, responsible for Charcot-Marie-Tooth hereditary neuropathy type 2A, on protein structure.

Methods: The study was conducted at department of biosciences COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal campus from September 2016 to July 2017, and comprised patients with Charcot Marie-Tooth hereditary neuropathy type 2A who were divided into early-onset severe group A and late-onset mild group B. Bioinformatics and molecular analysis was done to find the changes in the protein structure caused by the mutation.

Antioxidant studies of citric acid and citrus fruits towards paraquat by cyclic voltammetry: An antidote of paraquat poisoning.

Voltammetric parameters are studied to confirm the antioxidant activity of citric acid towards reduced form of methyl viologen dication (1, 1'-dimethyl-4, 4'-bipyridinium, MV , also known as paraquat). In this study the kinetics of the reaction of citric acid with reduced form of methyl viologen is also reported. Out of two oxidative peaks (i.

In-silico and Molecular Analysis of Reticulon 4asNovel therapeutic option for axonal regeneration.

Objectives: To find interactions of the ligand with axonali nhibitors, and to check the optimum interactions of existing drugs as inhibitors for the protein that hinders the growth of injured neurons.

Methods: The study was conducted at Kongju National University, Korea from May 2016 to March 2017. It consisted of two parts.

Association of SNP in JPH1 gene with severity of disease in Charcot Marie Tooth 2K patients.

Phenotype varies among the various types of Charcot Marie Tooth Neuropathies(CMT), However the problem arises in cases of same gene but gives a huge variety of phenotype in terms of early and late onset and severity of the disease. To check the impact of rs139723190 SNP on severity of the CMT 2k patients; being a genetic modifier of GDAP1. In the current study CMT 2k patients with early and late onset were analyzed for association of rs139723190 SNP in JPH1 gene responsible for CMT type severe and mild phenotypes.

Role of Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase gene in pathogenecity of CMT patients.

Objective: To find the causative mutation by linkage analysisof Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease while focussing on AMACR gene.

Methods: The case-control study was conducted from November 2016 to March 2017 in Kongju National University Korea.A family of 15 members with composite symptoms of peripheral neuropathy were enrolled.

Molecular genetics and prenatal diagnosis of beta thalassemia to control transfusion dependent births in carrier Pakistani couples.

Objective: To examine molecular genetics and prenatal diagnosis of beta-thalassaemia.

Methods: The study was conducted at the COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Sahiwal, Pakistan, from October 2012 to October 2013, and comprised families having children affected by thalassaemia and autosomal recessive b-thalassemia. Blood samples of thalassaemic children and their parents were collected from different areas of Pakistan.

Regression in polio eradication in Pakistan: A national tragedy.

Polio is one out of 200 infections results to lasting paralysis, usually in the legs. The year 2014 has been the saddest year for the Pakistan when the World was about to eliminate Polio from all over the World. In year 1994 Pakistan took the initiative to eliminate Polio from the country.

Towards excellence in cardiac surgery: experience from a developing country.

Objective: The objective of this study is an attempt to measure the performance in terms of comparing results with a large internationally recognized database used as a benchmark.

Design: Cross-sectional (prospectively collected data analysed and compared retrospectively).

Setting: Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A disease from patient to laboratory.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a well-known neural or spinal type of muscular atrophy. It is the most familiar disease within a group of conditions called Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathies (HMSN). The disease was discovered by three scientists several years ago.

Cyanidin-3-glucoside inhibits glutamate-induced Zn2+ signaling and neuronal cell death in cultured rat hippocampal neurons by inhibiting Ca2+-induced mitochondrial depolarization and formation of reactive oxygen species.

Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), a member of the anthocyanin family, is a potent natural antioxidant. However, effects of C3G on glutamate-induced [Zn(2+)]i increase and neuronal cell death remain unknown. We studied the effects of C3G on glutamate-induced [Zn(2+)]i increase and cell death in cultured rat hippocampal neurons from embryonic day 17 maternal Sprague-Dawley rats using digital imaging methods for Zn(2+), Ca(2+), reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential and a MTT assay for cell survival.

Cyanidin-3-glucoside Inhibits ATP-induced Intracellular Free Ca(2+) Concentration, ROS Formation and Mitochondrial Depolarization in PC12 Cells.

Flavonoids have an ability to suppress various ion channels. We determined whether one of flavonoids, cyanidin-3-glucoside, affects adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-induced calcium signaling using digital imaging methods for intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential in PC12 cells. Treatment with ATP (100µM) for 90 sec induced [Ca(2+)]i increases in PC12 cells.

EuroSCORE vs. EuroSCORE II vs. Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk algorithm.

Introduction: This study presents a validation series for EuroSCORE II compared with the previous additive and logistic EuroSCORE and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk prediction algorithm.

Patients And Methods: Clinical data of 2004 patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass surgery between 2006 and 2010 were retrospectively collected and individual expected risks of death were calculated by all 3 risk prediction algorithms. Performance of these risk algorithms was evaluated in terms of discrimination and calibration.

Trends in coronary artery bypass surgery: impact on early outcomes.

Background: improvements in nonsurgical revascularization have left a group of higher-risk patients presenting for operation in a later stage of coronary artery disease. We undertook this study to analyze temporal changes in demographic and clinical profiles and outcomes of cardiac surgical patients.

Methods: we identified and retrieved preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables for 3064 consecutive patients who underwent myocardial revascularization at the Aga Khan University Hospital between 2006 and 2011.