The relationship between sleep-disordered breathing, blood pressure, and urinary cortisol and catecholamines in children.

Study Objectives: Hypertension is a complication of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome in adults. A correlation between OSA syndrome and elevated blood pressure (BP) is suggested in children, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. Our aim was to study the effects of sleep and sleep apnea on BP and sympathetic nervous system activation as measured by serum cortisol and urinary catecholamines.

A cross-sectional study of vitamin D and insulin resistance in children.

Objective: Vitamin D deficiency is common and has been associated with several non-bone/calcium related outcomes. The objective was to determine the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) and fasting glucose, insulin and insulin sensitivity in obese and non-obese children. PATIENTS/SETTING/DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of 85 children aged 4-18 years recruited from the local Philadelphia community and Sleep Center.

Elevation of 1-hour plasma glucose during oral glucose tolerance testing is associated with worse pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis.

Objective: Cystic fibrosis (CF)-related diabetes (CFRD) is associated with declining pulmonary function and increased mortality. During oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT), CFRD is defined by 2-h plasma glucose (PG2). We hypothesized PG elevations during OGTT resolving by 2 h, not meeting CFRD criteria, influence pulmonary function in CF.

Needle anxiety in children with type 1 diabetes and their mothers.

Purpose: To report the prevalence of fear, distress, pain, and level of cooperation with insulin injections and blood glucose fingersticks in children with newly diagnosed diabetes and their mothers, and the association with diabetes control.

Study Design And Methods: Forty-six subjects (23 children and mother pairs) completed the Perceptions of Insulin Shots and Fingersticks Survey at diagnosis and 6 to 9 months later. Standard descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact tests, and Spearman correlation coefficients were used to analyze the data.

Catecholamines, adiponectin, and insulin resistance as measured by HOMA in children with obstructive sleep apnea.

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome. Its contribution to insulin resistance is complicated by obesity and puberty. We hypothesized that OSA is associated with worse insulin resistance and lower adiponectin after adjustment for obesity and puberty and that catecholamines might mediate these changes.