IL-1 induces p62/SQSTM1 and autophagy in ERα /PR BCa cell lines concomitant with ERα and PR repression, conferring an ERα /PR BCa-like phenotype.

Estrogen receptor α (ERα) tumors are associated with breast cancer (BCa) endocrine resistance, where ERα low tumors show a poor prognosis and a molecular profile similar to triple negative BCa tumors. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) downregulates ERα accumulation in BCa cell lines, yet the cells can remain viable. In kind, IL-1 and ERα show inverse accumulation in BCa patient tumors and IL-1 is implicated in BCa progression.