The influence of efflux pump, outer membrane permeability and β-lactamase production on the resistance profile of multi, extensively and pandrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Background: An important chance of nosocomial acquired infections are caused by the opportunistic bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae. Urine, wound, sputum, and blood samples were collected from all patients. This study aimed to detect the antibiotic resistance profile, the frequency of MDR, XDR, PDR, and detection of efflux pump and outer membrane permeability genes in K.