Deep learning for discrimination of active and inactive lesions in multiple sclerosis using non-contrast FLAIR MRI: A multicenter study.

Background: Within the domain of multiple sclerosis (MS), the precise discrimination between active and inactive lesions bears immense significance. Active lesions are enhanced on T1-weighted MRI images after administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents, which brings about associated complexities. This study investigates the potential of deep learning to differentiate between active and inactive lesions in MS using non-contrast FLAIR-type MRI data, presenting a non-invasive alternative to conventional gadolinium-based MRI methods.

Inhibitory Effects of Endemic Thyme's Thymol-Carvacrol Chemotype Essential Oil on Aspergillus Species with Free Radical Scavenging Properties.

There is a burgeoning focus on utilizing the antifungal and antioxidant properties of essential oils derived from various plants as a modern and natural approach to combat the growth of fungi that contaminate food. In this study, we used essential oils extracted from Thymus daenensis Celak. subsp.

UV-A and UV-B combined with photosynthetically active radiation change plant growth, antioxidant capacity and essential oil composition of Pelargonium graveolens.

Background: The different wavelengths of solar radiation incident on earth [herein: Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) , Ultra Violet-A (UV-A) and Ultra Violet-B (UV-B)] and their spectral balance not only have an impact on plants' growth, morphology and physiology, but also are important for the quality and quantity of plant secondary metabolites.

Material And Methods: In an outdoor study we addressed the effects of PAR intensity and UV-A and UV-B on the growth, yield, phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity and essential oil composition of Pelargonium graveolens L'Hér. The experiment was performed with split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications.

Performance comparison of different medical image fusion algorithms for clinical glioma grade classification with advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Non-invasive glioma grade classification is an exciting area in neuroimaging. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of different medical image fusion algorithms for glioma grading purposes by fusing advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images. Ninety-six subjects underwent an Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map and Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) MRI scan.

Pulmonary artery obstruction index, pulmonary artery diameter and right ventricle strain as prognostic CT findings in patient with acute pulmonary embolism.

Objective: This study was designed to determine predictors of pulmonary hypertension and signs of right heart dysfunction caused by pulmonary embolism (PE) that may lead to early detection of high-risk patients. So the predictive value of pulmonary artery obstruction index (PAOI), measured by pulmonary CT angiography (PCTA) in the acute setting, in predicting the patients susceptible to PE cardiac complications was evaluated. Also two other PCTA indices, pulmonary artery diameter (PAD), and right ventricle (RV) strain, in these patients were investigated and their predictive value for cardiac complications on follow up echocardiography were demonstrated.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Multiple MRI Parameters in Dealing with Incidental Thyroid Nodules.

Background: Different MRI parameters have been studied for evaluating thyroid nodules. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and T2 imaging sequences with considerable efficacy in evaluating soft tissue tumors merit further assessment for thyroid nodule investigation.

Method: We evaluated incidental thyroid nodules (ITNs) reported on head and neck MRI studies.

Severity of Disease and COVID-19 Complications During Hospital Stay: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: COVID-19, with its high transmission and mortality rates and unknown outcomes, has become a major concern in the world. Among people with COVID-19, severe cases can quickly progress to serious complications, and even death. So, the present study aimed to examine the relationship between the severity of the disease and the outcome in patients afflicted by COVID-19 during hospitalization.

Association of systemic complications with mortality in coronavirus disease of 2019: A cohort study on intensive care unit patients.

Background: Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, concerns raised by the growing number of deaths worldwide. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and extrapulmonary complications can correlate with prognosis in COVID-19 patients. This study evaluated the association of systemic complications with mortality in severely affected COVID-19 patients.

The value of thoracic computed tomography scan comparing to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of COVID-19.

Background: Novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is the current pandemic causing massive morbidity and mortality worldwide. The gold standard diagnostic method in use is reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) which cannot be solely relied upon. Computed tomography (CT) scan is a method currently used for diagnosis of lung disease and can play a substantial role if proved helpful in COVID-19 diagnosis.

Screening of tarragon accessions based on physiological and phytochemical responses under water deficit.

In this study, screening of Artemisia dracunculus accessions was investigated under water deficit based on physiological and phytochemical traits. The results clearly indicated that water deficit significantly reduced the relative water content, chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents and increased malondialdehyde, electrolyte leakage, and antioxidant activities. The responses of tarragon accessions to water deficit, however, were inconsistent.

Chest Computed Tomography Severity Score to Predict Adverse Outcomes of Patients with COVID-19.

Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to wreak havoc worldwide. This study assessed the ability of chest computed tomography (CT) severity score (CSS) to predict intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.

Materials And Methods: A total of 192 consecutive patients with COVID-19 pneumonia aged more than 20 years and typical CT findings and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction positive admitted in a tertiary hospital were included.

Pulmonary artery obstruction index, pulmonary artery diameter and right ventricle strain as prognostic CT findings in patient with acute pulmonary embolism.

Objective: This study was designed to determine predictors of pulmonary hypertension and signs of right heart dysfunction caused by pulmonary embolism (PE) that may lead to early detection of high-risk patients. So the predictive value of pulmonary artery obstruction index (PAOI), measured by pulmonary CT angiography (PCTA) in the acute setting, in predicting the patients susceptible to PE cardiac complications was evaluated. Also two other PCTA indices, pulmonary artery diameter (PAD), and right ventricle (RV) strain, in these patients were investigated and their predictive value for cardiac complications on follow up echocardiography were demonstrated.

Risk factors associated with intensive care unit (ICU) admission and in-hospital death among adults hospitalized with COVID-19: a two-center retrospective observational study in tertiary care hospitals.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is straining the health care systems worldwide. Therefore, health systems should make strategic shifts to ensure that limited resources provide the highest benefit for COVID-19 patients.

Objective: This study aimed to describe the risk factors associated with poor in-hospital outcomes to help clinicians make better patient care decisions.

Changes in Essential Oil Profile of Thymus daenensis Celak., Thymus fedtschenkoi Ronniger., and Thymus vulgaris L. Under Methyl Jasmonate Treatment.

Background: TThymus plants are well-known medicinal plants and it is believed that the pharmaceutical and therapeutical properties of these plants are related to their essential oils. The quality and quantity of the essential oils, as a secondary metabolite of an aromatic plant, are directly related to the physiological state of the plant. The role of jasmonates in the plant as signal molecules in mediation and up-regulation of plant defense and secondary metabolism processes is well recognized.

A review of glioblastoma tumors with primitive neuronal component and a case report of a patient with this uncommon tumor at a rare location.

Glioblastoma with primitive neuronal component should be considered as a differential diagnosis of infratentorial tumors.

Interobserver and intraobserver variability in magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of patients with suspected disc herniation.

Objective: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is usually the modality of choice to assess sciatica and intervertebral disc herniation. Despite remarkable progression in diagnostic imaging and surgical techniques, definite diagnosis based on imaging interpretation is still a great challenge. The aim of this study was to determine interobserver and intraobserver variability in reporting lumbar MRI between two neuroradiologists based on the new 2014 version of disc nomenclature.

Associations between bone mineral density, trabecular bone score, and body mass index in postmenopausal females.

Objectives: Bone mineral density (BMD), as a gold standard determinant of osteoporosis, assesses only one of many characteristics contributing to the bone. Trabecular bone score (TBS) is applied to evaluate the microarchitecture of trabecular bone A high body mass index (BMI) has been reported to have a positive correlation with BMD. However, the relation between BMI and TBS has remained unclear Therefore, the aim of this study is to shed light on the associations between BMI, T-score, and TBS in postmenopausal women without a diagnosed underlying disease.

The assessment of acute pulmonary embolism severity using CT angiography features.

Background: This study was conducted to detect the association between radiologic features of CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) and pulmonary embolism severity index (PESI).

Methods: A total of 150 patients with a definite diagnosis of PE entered the study. The CTPA feature including obstruction index, pulmonary trunk size, presence of backwash contrast, septal morphology, right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) dimensions, and RV/LV ratio were examined.

Is High Preprocedural Renal Resistive Index Sensitive Enough to Predict Iodine Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients Receiving Intra-Arterial Iodinate Contrast?

Purpose: Renal Resistive Index (RRI) is a newly introduced sonographic index in predicting contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) development. It has been suggested that RRI > 0.69 should be considered as a risk factor for CIN development.

A study on bone mass density using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry: Does high body mass index have protective effect on bone density in obese patients?

Background: Osteoporosis is known as reduction of bone density, which is diagnosed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Although some studies have shown high body mass index (BMI) as a protective factor for osteoporosis and fracture risks, some other studies demonstrated obesity as a risk factor for osteoporosis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between BMI and bone mineral density (BMD) in premenopausal and postmenopausal females.

Prediction of thyroid nodule malignancy using thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TIRADS) and nodule size.

Objectives: Thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TIRADS) is a combination of ultrasonographic features developed to help physicians in predicting the malignancy risk of thyroid nodules based on sonographic characteristics. Thyroid nodule size is another factor in determining whether a nodule is malignant. The aim of this study was detecting the predictive value of TIRADS and nodule size based on Bethesda classification in prognostication of malignancy.

Are cerebral veins hounsfield unit and H: H ratio calculating in unenhanced CT eligible to diagnosis of acute cerebral vein thrombosis?

Background: For both the clinician and a radiologist, the diagnosis of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), because of the variety of signs and symptoms, remains a challenge. In this study, the role of unenhanced brain computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of CVST was assessed.

Materials And Methods: In this case-control study, unenhanced CT of 35 patients with acute CVST was compared with 70 normal patients.

Quantitative diagnosis of osteoporosis using lumbar spine signal intensity in magnetic resonance imaging.

Objective: Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disease that is not recognized in many elderly people. To determine the cause of low back pain, lumbosacral MRI is done for a large population who may not have gone under dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The aim of this study was to predict bone density using lumbar spine signals in lumbosacral MRI in high risk patients for osteoporosis including post-menopausal females and calculate a threshold for a new quantitative MRI-based score to be used in estimation of lumbar spine bone mass density.