Is vitamin D deficiency associated with retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus? A case-control study.

Background And Aims: This study aimed to determine the associations between vitamin D deficiency and diabetic retinopathy (DR) progression risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.

Methods: This is a case-control study that enrolled 201 diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients as case and 201 T2DM without DR as a control. Demographic variables were obtained during an interview using a questionnaire, furthermore, anthropometric measures were evaluated based on the standard protocol.

Changes in Proximal Tubular Reabsorption Modulate Microvascular Regulation via the TGF System.

This review paper considers the consequences of modulating tubular reabsorption proximal to the macula densa by sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, acetazolamide, and furosemide in states of glomerular hyperfiltration. SGLT2 inhibitors improve renal function in early and advanced diabetic nephropathy by decreasing the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), presumably by activating the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) mechanism. Central in this paper is that the renoprotective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in diabetic nephropathy can only be partially explained by TGF activation, and there are alternative explanations.

The effects of clinical decision support system for prescribing medication on patient outcomes and physician practice performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs) for Prescribing are one of the innovations designed to improve physician practice performance and patient outcomes by reducing prescription errors. This study was therefore conducted to examine the effects of various CDSSs on physician practice performance and patient outcomes.

Methods: This systematic review was carried out by searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library from 2005 to 2019.