Frequency and risk factors for liver disease following pancreatitis: A population-based cohort study.

Background & Aims: Both liver disease (LD) and pancreatitis pose substantial burdens. There have been no general population-based studies on frequency of LD after an episode of pancreatitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of LD in a population-based cohort of patients following pancreatitis.

Post-pancreatitis diabetes mellitus: towards understanding the role of gastrointestinal motility.

Post-pancreatitis diabetes mellitus (PPDM) is a sub-type of diabetes of the exocrine pancreas that develops after acute or chronic inflammation of the pancreas. While pro-inflammatory milieu, glucose metabolism, and lipid metabolism in PPDM have been investigated, little is known about gastrointestinal function in the post-pancreatitis setting. This article overviews studies on epidemiology and impact of gastroparesis in the setting of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, with a view to estimating the possible burden of gastrointestinal dysfunction in PPDM.

Pro-inflammatory cytokines after an episode of acute pancreatitis: associations with fasting gut hormone profile.

Introduction: Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, are often elevated in individuals after acute pancreatitis but what determines their levels is poorly understood. Gut hormones have emerged as possible modulators of inflammatory response. The aim was to investigate the associations between pro-inflammatory cytokines and a comprehensive panel of gut hormones after an episode of acute pancreatitis.

Interplay between innate immunity and iron metabolism after acute pancreatitis.

Emerging evidence shows that chronic low-grade inflammation and changes in markers of innate immunity are implicated in a range of metabolic abnormalities following an episode of acute pancreatitis. Also, deranged iron metabolism has been linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes, and new-onset diabetes after pancreatitis - the conditions characterized by high haemoglobin glycation index (HGI). This study aimed to investigate the associations between markers of innate immunity and iron metabolism in individuals after acute pancreatitis.

Iron: a Strong Element in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Hyperglycaemia After Acute Pancreatitis.

Evidence shows an association between markers of iron metabolism and glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acute pancreatitis is the largest contributor to diabetes of the exocrine pancreas. However, the pathogenesis of new-onset pre-diabetes or diabetes after pancreatitis remains unclear.