Soil δC and δN baselines clarify biogeographic heterogeneity in isotopic discrimination of European badgers (Meles meles).

Isotopic techniques have been used to study phenomena in the geological, environmental, and ecological sciences. For example, isotopic values of multiple elements elucidate the pathways energy and nutrients take in the environment. Isoscapes interpolate isotopic values across a geographical surface and are used to study environmental processes in space and time.