Identification of a Regenerative Protocol for Recellularizing Human Auricular Cartilage Scaffolds.

Objective: Utilizing biological scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering is a promising tool for improving auricular reconstruction. Decellularized auricular scaffolds provide a means of regenerating cartilage for in vivo implantation, but identifying the ideal regenerative mix remains challenging.

Methods: Human cadaver auricular cartilage was decellularized and recellularized with either auricular chondrocytes alone, auricular chondrocytes with adipose-derived stem cells, or both cells with platelet-rich plasma.

Clinical Utility of Recently Food and Drug Administration-Approved IntelliSep Test (Sepsis Biomarker) for Early Diagnosis of Sepsis: Comparison with Other Biomarkers.

IntelliSep by Cytovale has received United States (U.S.) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval as a sepsis biomarker test.

Transfer learning predicts species-specific drug interactions in emerging pathogens.

Machine learning (ML) algorithms are necessary to efficiently identify potent drug combinations within a large candidate space to combat drug resistance. However, existing ML approaches cannot be applied to emerging and under-studied pathogens with limited training data. To address this, we developed a transfer learning and crowdsourcing framework (TACTIC) to train ML models on data from multiple bacteria.

Palliative Medicine and End of Life Care Between Races in an Academic Intensive Care Unit.

Although palliative medicine (PM) is more commonly being integrated into the intensive care unit (ICU), research on racial disparities in this area is lacking. Our objectives were to a) identify racial disparities in utilization of PM consultation for patients who received ICU care and (b) determine if there were differences in the use of code status or PM consultation over time based on race. Retrospective analysis of 571 patients, 18 years and above, at a tertiary care institution who received ICU care and died during their hospital stay.

The Coaching for Cognition in Alzheimer's (COCOA) trial: Study design.

Unlabelled: Comprehensive treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) requires not only pharmacologic treatment but also management of existing medical conditions and lifestyle modifications including diet, cognitive training, and exercise. We present the design and methodology for the Coaching for Cognition in Alzheimer's (COCOA) trial. AD and other dementias result from the interplay of multiple interacting dysfunctional biological systems.

Relativistic Asymmetric Magnetic Reconnection.

We derive basic scaling equations for relativistic magnetic reconnection in the general case of asymmetric inflow conditions and obtain predictions for the outflow Lorentz factor and the reconnection rate. Kinetic particle-in-cell simulations show that the outflow speeds as well as the nonthermal spectral index are constrained by the inflowing plasma with the weaker magnetic energy per particle, in agreement with the scaling predictions. These results are significant for understanding nonthermal emission from reconnection in magnetically dominated astrophysical systems, many of which may be asymmetric in nature.

Energy transfer in reconnection and turbulence.

Reconnection and turbulence are two of the most commonly observed dynamical processes in plasmas, but their relationship is still not fully understood. Using 2.5D kinetic particle-in-cell simulations of both strong turbulence and reconnection, we compare the cross-scale transfer of energy in the two systems by analyzing the generalization of the von Kármán Howarth equations for Hall magnetohydrodynamics, a formulation that subsumes the third-order law for steady energy transfer rates.

Structural and functional characterization of fosfomycin resistance conferred by FosB from Enterococcus faecium.

The Gram-positive pathogen Enterococcus faecium is one of the leading causes of hospital-acquired vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) infections. E. faecium has extensive multidrug resistance and accounts for more than two million infections in the United States each year.

Faster Form of Electron Magnetic Reconnection with a Finite Length X-Line.

Observations in Earth's turbulent magnetosheath downstream of a quasiparallel bow shock reveal a prevalence of electron-scale current sheets favorable for electron-only reconnection where ions are not coupled to the reconnecting magnetic fields. In small-scale turbulence, magnetic structures associated with intense current sheets are limited in all dimensions. And since the coupling of ions are constrained by a minimum length scale, the dynamics of electron reconnection is likely to be 3D.

In vivo CRISPR base editing of PCSK9 durably lowers cholesterol in primates.

Gene-editing technologies, which include the CRISPR-Cas nucleases and CRISPR base editors, have the potential to permanently modify disease-causing genes in patients. The demonstration of durable editing in target organs of nonhuman primates is a key step before in vivo administration of gene editors to patients in clinical trials. Here we demonstrate that CRISPR base editors that are delivered in vivo using lipid nanoparticles can efficiently and precisely modify disease-related genes in living cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis).

Energy Flux Densities near the Electron Dissipation Region in Asymmetric Magnetopause Reconnection.

Magnetic reconnection is of fundamental importance to plasmas because of its role in releasing and repartitioning stored magnetic energy. Previous results suggest that this energy is predominantly released as ion enthalpy flux along the reconnection outflow. Using Magnetospheric Multiscale data we find the existence of very significant electron energy flux densities in the vicinity of the magnetopause electron dissipation region, orthogonal to the ion energy outflow.

Characterization of the genomically encoded fosfomycin resistance enzyme from .

belongs to a group of rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) and accounts for approximately 65-80% of lung disease caused by RGM. It is highly pathogenic and is considered the prominent Mycobacterium involved in pulmonary infection in patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic pulmonary disease (CPD). FosM is a putative 134 amino acid fosfomycin resistance enzyme from subsp.

Depressed mood and anxiety as risk factors for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Psychosocial factors have been implicated as both a cause and consequence of hypertension in the general population but are less understood in relation to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). The aims of this review were to (1) synthesize the existing literature examining associations between depression and/or anxiety in pregnancy and HDP and (2) assess if depression and/or anxiety in early pregnancy was a risk factor for HDP.

Methods: A comprehensive search of Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO was conducted from inception to March 2020 using terms related to 'pregnancy', 'anxiety', 'depression', and 'hypertensive disorders'.

Maternal psychological distress and child weight at 24 months: investigating indirect effects through breastfeeding in the All Our Families cohort.

Objective: Maternal psychological distress in pregnancy has been associated with both breastfeeding duration and child weight at 24 months; however, the potential that breastfeeding duration partially mediates the risk of maternal mental health problems during pregnancy on child weight classification has not been examined. The current study investigated this proposed relationship.

Methods: Data was taken from the All Our Families (AOF) cohort, an ongoing prospective pregnancy cohort located in Calgary, Canada.

A first-in-human proof-of-concept trial of intravaginal artesunate to treat cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3 (CIN2/3).

Objective: Most treatment options for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3 (CIN2/3) are either excisional or ablative, and require sequential visits to health care providers. Artesunate, a compound that is WHO-approved for treatment of acute malaria, also has cytotoxic effect on squamous cells transformed by HPV. We conducted a first-in-human Phase I dose-escalation study to assess the safety and efficacy of self-administered artesunate vaginal inserts in biopsy-confirmed CIN2/3.

Publisher Correction: Electron magnetic reconnection without ion coupling in Earth's turbulent magnetosheath.

Change history: In this Letter, the y-axis values in Fig. 3f should go from 4 to -8 (rather than from 4 to -4), the y-axis values in Fig. 3h should appear next to the major tick marks (rather than the minor ticks), and in Fig.

Guide Field Reconnection: Exhaust Structure and Heating.

Magnetospheric Multiscale observations are used to probe the structure and temperature profile of a guide field reconnection exhaust ~100 ion inertial lengths downstream from the X-line in the Earth's magnetosheath. Asymmetric Hall electric and magnetic field signatures were detected, together with a density cavity confined near 1 edge of the exhaust and containing electron flow toward the X-line. Electron holes were also detected both on the cavity edge and at the Hall magnetic field reversal.

Early outcomes of patient-specific posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty implants.

Patient-specific implants have been linked to stiffness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes in patient-specific implants. We performed a retrospective review with a primary outcome of manipulation under anesthesia (MUA); secondary outcomes included Knee Society Scores (KSS), Knee Society Functional Scores (KSFS), range of motion (ROM), and Forgotten Joint Scores (FJS).

Kinetic Range Spectral Features of Cross Helicity Using the Magnetospheric Multiscale Spacecraft.

We study spectral features of ion velocity and magnetic field correlations in the magnetosheath and in the solar wind using data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft. High-resolution MMS observations enable the study of the transition of these correlations between their magnetofluid character at larger scales into the subproton kinetic range, previously unstudied in spacecraft data. Cross-helicity, angular alignment, and energy partitioning is examined over a suitable range of scales, employing measurements based on the Taylor frozen-in approximation as well as direct two-spacecraft correlation measurements.

Electron-scale dynamics of the diffusion region during symmetric magnetic reconnection in space.

Magnetic reconnection is an energy conversion process that occurs in many astrophysical contexts including Earth's magnetosphere, where the process can be investigated in situ by spacecraft. On 11 July 2017, the four Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft encountered a reconnection site in Earth's magnetotail, where reconnection involves symmetric inflow conditions. The electron-scale plasma measurements revealed (i) super-Alfvénic electron jets reaching 15,000 kilometers per second; (ii) electron meandering motion and acceleration by the electric field, producing multiple crescent-shaped structures in the velocity distributions; and (iii) the spatial dimensions of the electron diffusion region with an aspect ratio of 0.

On the Collisionless Asymmetric Magnetic Reconnection Rate.

Unlabelled: A prediction of the steady state reconnection electric field in asymmetric reconnection is obtained by maximizing the reconnection rate as a function of the opening angle made by the upstream magnetic field on the weak magnetic field (magnetosheath) side. The prediction is within a factor of 2 of the widely examined asymmetric reconnection model (Cassak & Shay, 2007, https://doi.org/10.

Electron magnetic reconnection without ion coupling in Earth's turbulent magnetosheath.

Magnetic reconnection in current sheets is a magnetic-to-particle energy conversion process that is fundamental to many space and laboratory plasma systems. In the standard model of reconnection, this process occurs in a minuscule electron-scale diffusion region. On larger scales, ions couple to the newly reconnected magnetic-field lines and are ejected away from the diffusion region in the form of bi-directional ion jets at the ion Alfvén speed.