The prostate in women: an updated histological and immunohistochemical profile of the female periurethral glands and their relationship to an implanted midurethral sling.

Background: There is evidence of glandular tissue in the region of the anterior vaginal wall-female periurethral tissue (AVW-FPT) that has similar morphology and immunohistochemistry to the prostate in men. Surgical injury to this tissue has been suggested as a potential cause of sexual dysfunction following midurethral sling (MUS) procedures. However, the anatomy and embryology of these glands have not been fully resolved.

Directive clinique n 422b : Ménopause et santé génito-urinaire.

Objectif: Proposer des stratégies fondées sur les plus récentes données publiées pour améliorer les soins aux femmes ménopausées ou en périménopause.

Population Cible: Les femmes ménopausées ou en périménopause. BéNéFICES, RISQUES ET COûTS: La population cible bénéficiera des plus récentes données scientifiques publiées communiquées par leurs fournisseurs de soins de santé.

Guideline No. 422b: Menopause and Genitourinary Health.

Objective: Provide strategies for improving the care of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women based on the most recent published evidence.

Target Population: Perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Benefits, Harms, And Costs: Target population will benefit from the most recent published scientific evidence provided via the information from their health care provider.

N° 311 - Prise en charge de la ménopause (Résumé/Déclarations Sommaires et Recommandations).

Objectif: Offrir, aux fournisseurs de soins de santé, une mise à jour de la directive clinique quant à la prise en charge de la ménopause chez les femmes asymptomatiques en santé, ainsi que chez les femmes qui présentent des symptômes vasomoteurs ou urogénitaux; cette mise à jour se penche également sur les facteurs associés à la maladie cardiovasculaire, au cancer du sein, à l'urogynécologie et à la sexualité.

Issues: Les interventions quant au mode de vie, les médicaments d'ordonnance et les traitements de médecine complémentaire et parallèle sont présentés en fonction de leur efficacité dans la prise en charge des symptômes ménopausiques. Des stratégies de counseling et thérapeutiques en ce qui concerne les préoccupations en matière de sexualité au cours de la périménopause et de la postménopause sont passées en revue.

Managing menopause.

Objective: To provide updated guidelines for health care providers on the management of menopause in asymptomatic healthy women as well as in women presenting with vasomotor or urogenital symptoms and on considerations related to cardiovascular disease, breast cancer, urogynaecology, and sexuality.

Outcomes: Lifestyle interventions, prescription medications, and complementary and alternative therapies are presented according to their efficacy in the treatment of menopausal symptoms. Counselling and therapeutic strategies for sexuality concerns in the peri- and postmenopausal years are reviewed.

Sulfate-reducing bacteria lower sulfur-mediated pitting corrosion under conditions of oxygen ingress.

The effect of oxygen ingress into sour water containing dissolved sulfide on the production of sulfur and polysulfide (S-PS) and associated iron corrosion was investigated. Biotic (active SRB present), abiotic (autoclaved SRB present), and chemical (no bacteria present) conditions were compared. Under biotic conditions formation of S-PS was only seen at a high ratio of oxygen to sulfide (R(OS)) of 1 to 2.

Does health-related quality of life improve in women following gynaecological surgery?

Objectives: To measure the change in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) before and after gynaecologic surgery and to compare HRQOL to age-matched Canadian normative data.

Methods: This prospective observational cohort study consisted of a convenience sample of 460 women scheduled for elective gynaecologic surgery. Women underwent surgery for a variety of reasons, including cancer, menorrhagia/dysfunctional uterine bleeding, benign uterine masses, prolapse or urinary incontinence, and chronic pelvic pain syndromes.

Impact of perioperative pain intensity, pain qualities, and opioid use on chronic pain after surgery: a prospective cohort study.

Background And Objectives: A better understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic postsurgical pain is needed in order to develop effective prevention and treatment interventions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for chronic postsurgical pain in women undergoing gynecologic surgery.

Methods: Pain characteristics, opioid consumption, and psychologic factors were captured before and 6 months after surgery.

Confirmation of ureteric patency during cystoscopy using phenazopyridine HCl: a low-cost approach.

Objective: To describe the use of oral phenazopyridine (Pyridium) prior to pelvic surgery to facilitate intraoperative confirmation of ureteric patency.

Materials And Methods: We performed a chart review of women given phenazopyridine preoperatively prior to pelvic surgery in a tertiary care centre between July 2004 and June 2005. The primary outcome was the cystoscopic observation of bilateral ureteric urine efflux.

A genomic island of the sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough promotes survival under stress conditions while decreasing the efficiency of anaerobic growth.

A 47 kb genomic island (GEI) bracketed by 50 bp direct repeats, containing 52 annotated genes, was found to delete spontaneously from the genome of Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough. The island contains genes for site-specific recombinases and transposases, rubredoxin:oxygen oxidoreductase-1 (Roo1) and hybrid cluster protein-1 (Hcp1), which promote survival in air and nitrite stress. The numbering distinguishes these from the Roo2 and Hcp2 homologues for which the genes are located elsewhere in the genome.

Mid-trimester serum relaxin concentrations and post-partum pelvic floor dysfunction.

Objectives: To compare mid-trimester serum relaxin concentration (SRC) in primiparous women with or without pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD--stress urinary incontinence (SUI), genital prolapse).

Design: Nested observational cohort study.

Setting: Urogynecology clinic of affiliated University hospital.

Canadian Consensus Conference on menopause, 2006 update.

Objective: To provide guidelines for health care providers on the management of menopause in asymptomatic healthy women as well as in women presenting with vasomotor symptoms, urogenital, sexual, and mood and memory concerns and on specific medical considerations, and cardiovascular and cancer issues.

Outcomes: Prescription medications, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), and lifestyle interventions are presented according to their efficacy in treating menopausal symptoms.

Evidence: MEDLINE and the Cochrane database were searched for articles from March 2001 to April 2005 in English on subjects related to menopause, menopausal symptoms, urogenital and sexual health, mood and memory, hormone therapy, CAM, and on specific medical considerations that affect the decision of which intervention to choose.

A review of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of pelvic floor dysfunction: do racial differences matter?

Objective: To describe the current state of knowledge regarding etiology of pelvic floor dysfunction with special consideration to the effect of racial background on the epidemiology and pathophysiology of this disease.

Methods: We performed a nonsystematic review of the literature to detail the current knowledge of the etiology of pelvic floor dysfunction. Additionally, we performed a systematic search of MEDLINE, Cinahl, and the Cochrane database for English-language articles registered from January 1, 1989, to June 31, 2003, that evaluated racial differences in the epidemiology and pathophysiology of pelvic floor dysfunction.

The detection and management of vaginal atrophy.

Objective: To support the practitioner in the diagnosis of vaginal atrophy and in the management of the related symptoms.

Options: The modalities of evaluation range from basic pelvic examination, examination of the vulva, and laboratory tests.

Outcomes: A comprehensive approach to the detection of vaginal atrophy and a discussion of available therapeutic and nontherapeutic options.