IMMOBILIZATION OF BLACK HOWLER MONKEYS () USING BUTORPHANOL, AZAPERONE, MEDETOMIDINE IS SAFE AND EFFECTIVE FOR NONINVASIVE PROCEDURES.

Administration of butorphanol, azaperone, and medetomidine (BAM) for immobilization of black howler monkeys () has not been previously reported. In this observational study, 0.02 ml/kg of compounded BAM (butorphanol 27.

Subcutaneous amikacin administration in red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) produces prolonged detectable plasma concentrations without biochemistry evidence of impaired renal function.

Objective: To establish pilot data on the plasma concentrations of SC amikacin at 2 doses in red-eared sliders and evaluate concurrent plasma biochemistry parameters.

Animals: 8 adult red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans).

Methods: Amikacin was administered SC at target doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg with a 3-week washout period.

Subcutaneous administration of ceftazidime at 20 and 40 mg/kg produces theoretically therapeutic plasma concentrations for at least 120 hours in red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans).

Objective: To evaluate and compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of SC ceftazidime administered at 20 and 40 mg/kg to red-eared sliders.

Animals: 8 adult red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans).

Methods: In a sequential, 2-period study with a 3-week washout period between treatments, ceftazidime was administered SC to turtles at 20 and 40 mg/kg.

Clinical, pathologic, and immunohistochemical features of pituitary tumors in 4 chinchillas.

Pituitary tumors are rare in chinchillas. This report describes the clinical, gross, histologic, and immunohistochemical characteristics of pituitary tumors in 4 chinchillas. The affected chinchillas were females between 4 and 18 years of age.

Pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime in Northern leopard frogs () at two different doses and administration routes.

Objective: To determine an optimal ceftazidime dosing strategy in Northern leopard frogs () by evaluation of 2 different doses administered SC and 1 dose administered transcutaneously.

Animals: 44 Northern leopard frogs (including 10 that were replaced).

Procedures: Ceftazidime was administered to frogs SC in a forelimb at 20 mg/kg (n = 10; SC20 group) and 40 mg/kg (10; SC40 group) or transcutaneously on the cranial dorsum at 20 mg/kg (10; TC20 group).

NEOPLASIA IN CAPTIVE CRANES.

A retrospective study of neoplasia was conducted from necropsy and histologic reports of 446 cranes representing all 15 extant species. Cases were obtained from the International Crane Foundation (ICF), Northwest ZooPath (NWZP), and six other zoologic institutions in the United States during 1993 to 2019. Only reports from ICF ( = 61) and NWZP ( = 374) were used for estimates of disease prevalence.

Determination of ceftazidime in plasma by RP-HPLC and ultraviolet detection.

A simple high-performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of ceftazidime in plasma has been developed. Using an ultrafiltration technique samples were separated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on a Symmetry C 4.6 × 250 mm column (5.

Evaluation of subcutaneous administration of alfaxalone-midazolam and ketamine-midazolam as sedation protocols in African pygmy hedgehogs ().

Objective: To evaluate SC administration of 2 sedation protocols, ketamine-midazolam (KM) and alfaxalone-midazolam (AM), in African pygmy hedgehogs ().

Animals: 9 healthy adult hedgehogs (5 males, 4 females).

Procedures: A randomized, blinded, complete crossover study was performed.

Diagnostic evaluation of fatal Balamuthia mandrillaris meningoencephalitis in a captive Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) with identification of potential environmental source and evidence of chronic exposure.

A female Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) aged 11 years and 6 months was examined by veterinarians after caretakers observed lethargy and facial grimacing. Within 72 h the primate had left-sided hemiparesis that worsened over the next week. An MRI revealed a focal right-sided cerebral mass suspected to be a neoplasm.

Pharmacokinetics of subcutaneously administered hydromorphone in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) and red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans).

Objective: To determine pharmacokinetic dosing strategy in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) and red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) based on two subcutaneously (SC) administered doses of hydromorphone (0.5 and 1.0 mg kg).

HEMATOLOGIC AND PLASMA BIOCHEMICAL REFERENCE VALUES FOR JUVENILE GREEN-NAPED LORIKEETS ( TRICHOGLOSSUS HAEMATODUS HAEMATODUS).

The green-naped lorikeet ( Trichoglossus haematodus haematodus) is a small, brightly colored psittacine that is one of many subspecies of the rainbow lorikeet popular in captivity. Overall, the rainbow lorikeet population is declining but the wide range of subspecies means the population is classified as "least concern" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. The goal of this study was to establish normal hematologic and plasma biochemical analyte reference intervals for juvenile green-naped lorikeets.

Development of a method for the determination of hydromorphone in plasma by LC-MS.

A simple high-performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of hydromorphone in small volume plasma has been developed. Following solid-phase extraction using Oasis HLB cartridges, samples were separated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on an Atlantis T3 4.6 × 150 mm column (3.