Androgen receptor inhibition suppresses anti-tumor neutrophil response against bone metastatic prostate cancer via regulation of TβRI expression.

Bone metastatic disease of prostate cancer (PCa) is incurable and progression in bone is largely dictated by tumor-stromal interactions in the bone microenvironment. We showed previously that bone neutrophils initially inhibit bone metastatic PCa growth yet metastatic PCa becomes resistant to neutrophil response. Further, neutrophils isolated from tumor-bone lost their ability to suppress tumor growth through unknown mechanisms.

Effects of the 2012 and 2018 US preventive services task force prostate cancer screening guidelines on pathologic outcomes after prostatectomy.

Background: In May 2018, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended prostate cancer (PCa) screening for ages 55-69 be an individual decision. This changed from the USPSTF's May 2012 recommendation against screening for all ages. The effects of the 2012 and 2018 updates on pathologic outcomes after prostatectomy are unclear.

Optimal PSA Threshold for Obtaining MRI-Fusion Biopsy in Biopsy-Naïve Patients.

Objective: The study investigates the prostate-specific antigen threshold for adding targeted, software-based, magnetic resonance imaging-ultrasound fusion biopsy during a standard 12-core biopsy in biopsy-naïve patients. It secondarily explores whether the targeted biopsy is necessary in setting of abnormal digital rectal examination.

Methods: 260 patients with suspected localized prostate cancer with no prior biopsy underwent prostate magnetic resonance imaging and were found to have Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score ≥ 3 lesion(s).

Validated Models to Estimate Probability of Dialysis After Nephrectomy and Partial Nephrectomy.

This cross-sectional study aims to develop validated models to estimate the probability of dialysis after nephrectomy and partial nephrectomy.

Protective Effects of Metformin Against Biochemical Failure Following Radical Prostatectomy or Radiation Therapy in Localized Prostate Cancer.

Objective: To assess the impact of metformin on biochemical failure (BF) in localized prostate cancers (PC) treated with radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy.

Materials And Methods: About 1449 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (n = 1338, 92.3%) or radiation therapy (n = 108, 7.

Impact of statin use on overall and time to biochemical failure following radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy.

Objectives: To assess the impact of statin use on overall and time to biochemical failure following primary treatment of localized prostate cancer (PCa).

Subjects/patients And Methods: 1581 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) or radiation therapy (RT) for primary treatment of PCa between July 2007 and January 2020 were evaluated for statin use, demographic/oncologic characteristics, and biochemical outcomes. Rate of biochemical failure (BF) was assessed overall and at 1, 3, and 5 years; time to BF was estimated with Kaplan-Meier.

Heterotopic Ossification Leading to Ureteral Obstruction Resulting in Nephrectomy.

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the presence of bone in soft tissue where bone normally does not exist. This can be acquired or inherited with the acquired form most often seen with either trauma, spinal cord injury, or central nervous system injury. HO most commonly affects the flexors and abductors of the hip, medial knees, and the shoulders and rarely affects the genitourinary (GU) system.

Primary prostatic squamous cell carcinoma.

Primary prostate squamous cell malignancies are rare and very aggressive. A 65-year-old man presented to our institution with clinical and radiographic findings concerning for advanced prostatic malignancy. Surgical pathology of the tumor revealed poorly differentiated carcinoma with squamous differentiation, and histopathological markers were positive for markers of squamous differentiation negative for all urothelial and prostatic markers.

NCCN Guidelines Insights: Kidney Cancer, Version 1.2021.

The NCCN Guidelines for Kidney Cancer provide multidisciplinary recommendations for diagnostic workup, staging, and treatment of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). These NCCN Guidelines Insights focus on recent updates to the guidelines, including changes to certain systemic therapy recommendations for patients with relapsed or stage IV RCC. They also discuss the addition of a new section to the guidelines that identifies and describes the most common hereditary RCC syndromes and provides recommendations for genetic testing, surveillance, and/or treatment options for patients who are suspected or confirmed to have one of these syndromes.

Evaluation for Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Patients Who Present With Nephrolithiasis.

Background: The incidence of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) is likely underestimated. Nephrolithiasis may indicate PHP with indication for parathyroidectomy. We sought to determine the proportion of patients with an index diagnosis of nephrolithiasis that have serum calcium levels measured, parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels measured if hypercalcemic, and time to referral for definitive management if PHP is diagnosed.

Primary extragonadal yolk sac tumor originating from adrenal gland.

Extragonadal germ cell tumors are germ cell tumors with no evidence of a primary tumor within the gonads, most often located in the mediastinum or retroperitoneum. We present an extragonadal yolk sac tumor that presented as an adrenal carcinoma and required left adrenalectomy, nephrectomy, and significant IVC thrombectomy. This case, to our knowledge, is the first documented case of extragonadal yolk sac tumor originating from the adrenal gland.

Ipsilateral renal function preservation following minimally invasive partial nephrectomy: The effect of tumour characteristics and warm ischemic time.

Introduction: The relative impact of preoperative and perioperative variables on renal function following partial nephrectomy (PN) is controversial. To further investigate, we assess the effects of tumour complexity, warm ischemic time (WIT), and volume of resected renal parenchyma on ipsilateral renal function (IRF) outcomes following minimally invasive PN.

Methods: Of patients who underwent laparoscopic or robotic-assisted PN between 2002 and 2011 at our institution, 99 met our inclusion criteria.

Assessing Time of Full Renal Recovery Following Minimally Invasive Partial Nephrectomy.

Objective: To assess renal function in the operated kidney at different time points post partial nephrectomy (PN) and establish the time in which optimal recovery occurs. Recovery of renal function post-PN has received significant attention. However, the optimal time to determine full recovery has not been clearly established.

Clinical Features and Outcomes of Tunica Vaginalis Mesothelioma: A Case Series From the National Institutes of Health.

Objective: To present our single-institution experience with management of seven patients with mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis.

Materials And Methods: Our institution database was queried from 2003 to 2014. Clinical, surgical and pathological features were retrospectively collected and evaluated.

Multiple Recurrent Paraganglioma in a Pediatric Patient with Germline Mutation.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) are recognized approaches for locating paragangliomas. Recently, gallium-68 DOTA-octreotate (DOTATATE) scans have shown promise detecting neuroendocrine tumors missed by FDG-PET and MRI. 13-year-old male with SDH-B mutation presented with symptoms of paraganglioma and elevated catecholamines.

Managing Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated Paraneoplastic Syndrome with Nephron-sparing Surgery in a Patient with von Hippel-Lindau.

A patient with germline von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene alteration and history of multiple tumors present with classical paraneoplastic syndrome (PNS) associated with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). She underwent open nephron sparing surgery with resolution of symptoms. She remained without recurrence of RCC for the initial 2 years of her follow-up.

Development of a novel classification system for anatomical variants of the puboprostatic ligaments with expert validation.

Introduction: We propose a novel classification system with a validation study to help clinicians identify and typify commonly seen variants of the puboprostatic ligaments (PPL).

Methods: A preliminary dissection of 6 male cadavers and a prospective dataset of over 300 robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomies (RARP) recorded on video were used to identify 4 distinct ligament types. Then the prospectively collected database of surgical videos was used to isolate images of the PPL from RARP.

Primary mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the pelvic retroperitoneum in a male.

Primary mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the retroperitoneum is an extremely rare malignancy with only 2 male patients reported in the literature. We describe an unusual case presenting as a pelvic mass in a male with previous pan-proctocolectomy and end ileostomy for Crohn's disease and review the available literature.