Sulfated Lactosyl Archaeol Archaeosome-Adjuvanted Vaccine Formulations Targeting Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Are Immunogenic and Efficacious.

Vaccines play an important role in maintaining human and animal health worldwide. There is continued demand for effective and safe adjuvants capable of enhancing antigen-specific responses to a target pathogen. Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) is a highly contagious calicivirus that often induces high mortality rates in rabbits.

Intranasal immunization with a proteosome-adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-based vaccine is immunogenic and efficacious in mice and hamsters.

With the persistence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the emergence of novel variants, the development of novel vaccine formulations with enhanced immunogenicity profiles could help reduce disease burden in the future. Intranasally delivered vaccines offer a new modality to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections through the induction of protective immune responses at the mucosal surface where viral entry occurs. Herein, we evaluated a novel protein subunit vaccine formulation containing a resistin-trimerized prefusion Spike antigen (SmT1v3) and a proteosome-based mucosal adjuvant (BDX301) formulated to enable intranasal immunization.

In vivo screen of genetically conserved Streptococcus pneumoniae proteins for protective immunogenicity.

We evaluated 52 different E. coli expressed pneumococcal proteins as immunogens in a BALB/c mouse model of S. pneumoniae lung infection.

CpG-mediated augmentation of CD8+ T-cell responses in mice is attenuated by a water-in-oil emulsion (Montanide ISA-51) but enhanced by an oil-in-water emulsion (IDRI SE).

Adjuvants are a key component in enhancing immunogenicity of vaccines and play a vital role in facilitating the induction of the correct type of immunity required for each vaccine to be optimally efficacious. Several different adjuvants are found in licensed vaccines, and many others are in pre-clinical or clinical testing. Agonists for TLRs are potent activators of the innate immune system and some, such as CpG (TLR9 agonist), are particularly good for promoting cellular immunity because of the induction of Th1 cytokines.

Nonreplicating vaccines can protect african green monkeys from the memphis 37 strain of respiratory syncytial virus.

Background: We evaluated the immunological responses of African green monkeys immunized with multiple F and G protein-based vaccines and assessed protection against the Memphis 37 strain of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

Methods: Monkeys were immunized with F and G proteins adjuvanted with immunostimulatory (CpG) oligodeoxyribonucleotides admixed with either Alhydrogel or ISCOMATRIX adjuvant. Delivery of F and G proteins via replication incompetent recombinant vesicular stomatitis viruses (VSVs) and human adenoviruses was also evaluated.

CpG ODN and ISCOMATRIX adjuvant: a synergistic adjuvant combination inducing strong T-Cell IFN-γ responses.

For the induction of robust humoral and cellular immune responses, a strong rationale exists to use vaccine-adjuvant combinations possessing both immune modulatory and enhanced delivery capabilities. Herein, we evaluated the combination of 2 different adjuvants, a TLR9 agonist, composed of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing immunostimulatory CpG motifs (CpG), and ISCOMATRIX adjuvant (ISCOMATRIX), composed of saponin, phospholipid, and cholesterol, which possesses both immunostimulatory and delivery properties. While both individual adjuvants have been shown effective in numerous preclinical and clinical studies, it is likely that for optimal adjuvant activity a combined adjuvant approach will be necessary.

Paclitaxel reduces regulatory T cell numbers and inhibitory function and enhances the anti-tumor effects of the TLR9 agonist PF-3512676 in the mouse.

The anti-tumor properties of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 agonist CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) are enhanced by combinations with several cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens. The mechanisms of this added benefit, however, remain unclear. We now report that, similar to the depletion of regulatory T cells (Treg) using anti-CD25, paclitaxel increased the anti-tumor effect of the TLR9 agonist PF-3512676 in a CD8(+) T cell-dependent fashion.

TLR agonists as vaccine adjuvants: comparison of CpG ODN and Resiquimod (R-848).

TLR ligands that mimic pathogen associated molecular patterns and activate immune cells via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are being developed for use in humans as therapy against a variety of diseases as well as vaccine adjuvants. These include imidazoquinoline compounds such as Imiquimod and Resiquimod (R-848) that bind to TLR7 and 8, as well as CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) that bind to TLR9. This study was aimed at comparing CpG ODN and R-848 for their potential use as vaccine adjuvants and to determine whether there are additive or synergistic effects when they are used together.