The prevalence of gender stereotypes in pharmacy student simulated counseling sessions utilizing standardized patients.

Introduction: Simulation in healthcare has been a widely adopted modality to gain practical experience prior to working directly with patients. While simulation in academic settings affords many opportunities to enhance learning, it may also present an opportunity to identify cultural stereotypes. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of gender stereotypes in pharmacy student simulated counseling sessions.

A Review of the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System for Tramadol-Related Hypoglycemia.

Hypoglycemia is a rare adverse effect of tramadol that is described in the medical literature and package insert. The purpose of this study was to review reports of tramadol and hypoglycemia in the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database to determine a potential association. Disproportionality analysis with Bayesian correction was used to compare tramadol and hypoglycemia with other medications in FAERS.

Variation between Point-of-care and Laboratory HbA1c testing in Clinical Practice.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify potential disparities between point-of-care testing (POCT) and laboratory hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) reporting at a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC).

Methods: The electronic medical record was reviewed to identify POCT HbA1c done at a FQHC and centralized laboratory venous HbA1c performed on the same day. Manual data extraction was used to identify potential variables that could account for disparities between POCT and laboratory testing.

Pharmacologic Interventions for Intractable and Persistent Hiccups: A Systematic Review.

Background: Chlorpromazine is the only drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of hiccups; however, many other pharmacologic treatments have been proposed for intractable and persistent hiccups. Currently, there is little evidence to support the use of one agent over another.

Objective: This review aims to identify literature concerning the use of pharmacologic treatments for intractable and persistent hiccups with the goal of evaluating therapies in terms of their level of evidence, mechanism of action, efficacy, dosing, onset of action, and adverse effects.

Comparing methods of naloxone administration: A narrative review.

The effectiveness and safety of naloxone for the reversal of opioid toxicity are reviewed. A literature search was performed using PubMed, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Medline. Clinical trials comparing either the clinical efficacy or pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties displayed by intravenous, intramuscular, intranasal, subcutaneous, and nebulized naloxone were included; however, trials with primary endpoints evaluating oral or endotracheal naloxone were excluded.

Delayed cardiac dysrhythmias after fingolimod administration.

A 51-year-old woman with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis was initiated on fingolimod. She developed a Mobitz Type I (Wenckebach)second-degree atrioventricular (AV) heart block during the initial 6-hour monitoring. She was transferred to the emergency department for further monitoring, where she went into a junctional tachycardia then went back into a Mobitz Type I AV block.

Hemorrhagic gastritis with dabigatran in a patient with renal insufficiency.

Background: Dabigatran etexilate is the first oral direct thrombin inhibitor approved in the United States. Unlike warfarin, dabigatran has no known antidote. Providers should be aware of patients that may be at risk for dabigatran coagulopathies and recognize potential treatment options.