Orthopedic management of a patient with pigmented villonodular synovitis.

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS), sometimes also called tenosynovial giant cell tumor, is a rare, slow-growing, benign soft-tissue disorder. PVNS most commonly affects the knee and is associated with painful hemarthrosis and joint swelling. The condition also can affect the hip, ankle, shoulder, or elbow.

Barriers to implementation of guidelines for the diagnosis and management of undescended testis.

Cryptorchidism or undescended testis (UDT) is one of the most common genital disorders identified at birth. The gold standard for treatment in the US is to surgically bring the UDT into the scrotal sac. In 2014, the American Urologic Association (AUA) presented a guideline for evaluation and treatment of cryptorchidism.