Recognizing and Responding to Overt Racism Towards Medical Trainees: Using the IRES Tool and Scripted Language.

Introduction: Medical educators feel ill equipped to respond to racism directed towards trainees. Available tools for responding to microaggressions rely on clarifying questions or aligning with the aggressor, which may add to the harm experienced by the target. We aimed to provide methods for faculty to recognize and respond to overt racism so that trainees feel supported in the clinical learning environment.

Demystifying Prognosis : Understanding the Science and Art of Prognostication.

The science of prognostication is emerging as a vital part of providing goal concordant patient care. Historically, modern medicine has tended to shy away from approaching prognostication as a core clinical skill, and prognosis as something to be shared directly with the patient. In recent years however, the medical field's shift towards a focus on patient autonomy and more openness in matters regarding end of life has propelled the study of prognostication into a more essential component of patient centered care.