Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a relatively common complication of HIV disease. In this chapter changes to the epidemiology are discussed along with an update in its pathogenesis and treatment. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome is increasingly frequent in PML; accordingly management strategies and prognosis are detailed.

The Cost-Effectiveness of a Stroke Unit in Providing Enhanced Patient Outcomes in an Australian Teaching Hospital.

Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability and mortality. Patients who receive organized inpatient care in a stroke unit (SU) have better clinical outcomes. However, evidence on the cost analysis of an SU is lacking.

Are all after-hours diagnostic imaging appropriate? An Australian Emergency Department pilot study.

Background: This study was aimed at determining the extent to which after-hours diagnostic imaging is appropriate within the case hospital's Emergency Department. This was amid growing concerns of the inappropriateness of some medical investigations within the Australian health-care system.

Methods: After-hours referral data and patient notes were used in reviewing the clinical case.