Thiosulfinate Tolerance Gene Clusters Are Common Features of Onion Pathogens.

pv. , , and are common bacterial pathogens of onion. Onions produce organosulfur thiosulfinate defensive compounds after cellular decompartmentalization.

Independent evaluation of a DNA microarray system for Salmonella detection in ground beef.

A new DNA microarray test kit has been developed to detect foodborne pathogens in various food matrices. This study focuses on evaluating the PathogenDx microarray-based system to detect Salmonella in ground beef and verify critical parameters that could interfere with the method's effectiveness, such as enrichment incubation time, ground beef fat content, inclusivity, exclusivity, and analytical sensitivity. Sample preparation protocols were evaluated at 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24 h enrichment times at varying bacterial levels to identify optimal conditions to detect the invA gene using the PathogenDx microarray.

Pantailocins: phage-derived bacteriocins from and subsp. .

Phage-derived bacteriocins (tailocins) are ribosomally synthesized structures produced by bacteria in order to provide advantages against competing strains under natural conditions. Tailocins are highly specific in their target range and have proven to be effective for the prevention and/or treatment of bacterial diseases under clinical and agricultural settings. We describe the discovery and characterization of a new tailocin locus encoded within genomes of and subsp.

PathogenDx DetectX Combined Demonstrates Equivalent Performance in Comparison to Four AOAC Certified Methods for the Detection of Aspergillus Species, Salmonella Species, and STEC in Dried Hemp Flower.

Background: The PathogenDx DetectX Combined method is a certified Performance Tested MethodSM (012201) that is enrichment-free and utilizes a DNA microarray-based end point PCR method for the simultaneous detection of Aspergillus (A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A.

Genome-wide association and dissociation studies in reveal potential virulence factors affecting and × hybrid.

is a member of a species complex that causes center rot of bulb onions () and also infects other crops like leeks (), chives (), bunching onion or Welsh onion (), and garlic (). This pathogen relies on a chromosomal phosphonate biosynthetic gene cluster (HiVir) and a plasmid-borne thiosulfinate tolerance cluster () for onion pathogenicity and virulence, respectively. However, pathogenicity and virulence factors associated with other species remain unknown.

A Novel Biosynthetic Gene Cluster Across the Species Complex Is Important for Pathogenicity in Onion.

Onion center rot is caused by at least four species of genus (, , , and subsp). Critical onion pathogenicity determinants for were recently described, but whether those determinants are common among other onion-pathogenic species remains unknown. In this work, we report onion pathogenicity determinants in subsp and We identified two distinct secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters present separately in different strains of onion-pathogenic subsp.

Pan-Genome-Wide Analysis of Identified Genes Linked to Pathogenicity in Onion.

Pantoea ananatis, a gram negative and facultative anaerobic bacterium is a member of a spp. complex that causes center rot of onion, which significantly affects onion yield and quality. This pathogen does not have typical virulence factors like type II or type III secretion systems but appears to require a biosynthetic gene-cluster, HiVir/PASVIL (located chromosomally comprised of 14 genes), for a phosphonate secondary metabolite, and the '' gene cluster (located in plasmid and comprised of 11 genes) that aids in bacterial colonization in onion bulbs by imparting tolerance to thiosulfinates.

The Distribution of Onion Virulence Gene Clusters Among spp.

is a gram-negative bacterium and the primary causal agent of center rot of onions in Georgia. Previous genomic studies identified two virulence gene clusters, HiVir and , associated with center rot. The HiVir gene cluster is required to induce necrosis on onion tissues via synthesis of pantaphos, (2-hydroxy[phosphono-methyl)maleate), a phosphonate phytotoxin.

Identification of Two Novel Pathovars of subsp. Affecting sp. and Millets.

subsp. is a causative agent of leafspot of foxtail millet and pearl millet; however, novel strains were recently identified that are pathogenic on onion. We phenotypically and genotypically characterized 17 .

Genetic Diversity Analysis Reveals Limited Genomic Diversity as Well as Accessory Genes Correlated with Onion Pathogenicity.

is a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae and an enigmatic plant pathogen with a broad host range. Although strains can be aggressive on onion causing foliar necrosis and onion center rot, previous genomic analysis has shown that lacks the primary virulence secretion systems associated with other plant pathogens. We assessed a collection of fifty strains collected from Georgia over three decades to determine genetic factors that correlated with onion pathogenic potential.