Metastatic papillary thyroid cancer to cerebellum with incidental medullary microcarcinoma.

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer, with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accounting for the majority of these cases. Cerebellar metastasis is rarely the presenting feature and confers poor prognosis. Genetic mutations in this setting are most commonly , in contrast to in the majority of PTC.

Merkel cell carcinoma in situ: A systematic review of prognosis and management.

Background: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare primary cutaneous neuroendocrine tumour. While dermally invasive MCC is known to have a five-year survival of only 30-40%, the prognosis and management of MCC in situ (MCCis) is not widely reported.

Objective: We present a systematic review to elucidate the prognosis and management of MCCis.

Interobserver concordance in visual assessment of Ki67 immunohistochemistry in surgical excision specimens from patients with lymph node-negative breast cancer.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the interobserver concordance of two methods for proliferation assessment in breast cancer using Ki67 immunohistochemistry.

Methods: Ki67 was independently assessed in randomly selected tumour samples from patients with lymph node-negative breast cancer using two different methods: either cell counting or visual estimation of hot spot areas. For hot spot cell counting, positive and negative cell numbers were recorded for total cell counts of 300-500, 500-800 and 800-1000 cells.

Duodenal plasma cells correspond to serum IgA in common variable immunodeficiency.

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) can be associated with a range of serum IgA concentrations, from absent, to variably reduced, and in some patients classified as 'possible CVID', even normal. The aim of this study was to assess the proportion of duodenal plasma cells in patients with CVID and determine whether there was an association with serum IgA concentration. Duodenal biopsies obtained at upper endoscopy from 35 patients with CVID were assessed for the presence of plasma cells and compared with serum IgA concentrations.

Survival and prognosis of individuals receiving programmed cell death 1 inhibitor with and without immunologic cutaneous adverse events.

Background: The treatment response to new immunotherapy in advanced melanoma patients remains varied between individuals. Immune-related cutaneous side effects might have prognostic value.

Objective: To determine whether development of ≥1 of the 3 immune-mediated cutaneous events (eczema, lichenoid reaction, or vitiligo-like depigmentation) is associated with improved progression-free survival.

Parathyroid Frozen Section Interpretation via Desktop Telepathology Systems: A Validation Study.

Background: Telepathology can potentially be utilized as an alternative to having on-site pathology services for rural and regional hospitals. The goal of the study was to validate two small-footprint desktop telepathology systems for remote parathyroid frozen sections.

Subjects And Methods: Three pathologists retrospectively diagnosed 76 parathyroidectomy frozen sections of 52 patients from three pathology services in Australia using the "live-view mode" of MikroScan D2 and Aperio LV1 and in-house direct microscopy.

Cutaneous adverse events of anti-programmed death 1 antibodies combined with anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 therapy use in patients with metastatic melanoma.

To date, cutaneous toxicities of combination therapies of anti-programmed death-1 (anti-PD1) and ipilimumab are poorly described. Understanding cutaneous presentations will aid clinicians with early diagnoses and treatments. We aim to describe and compare the cutaneous toxicities between the combination therapies and anti-PD1 monotherapy.

Anti-programmed cell death-1 therapy-associated bullous disorders: a systematic review of the literature.

Bullous disorders are rare adverse events associated with anti-programmed cell death-1 (anti-PD1) therapy. This paper presents two new cases of bullous disorders under anti-PD1 therapy and systematically reviewed the literature to foster a better understanding of the presentation and pathogenesis of bullous disorders under anti-PD1. A systematic review of the literature was completed using MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed and LILACS databases.

Incidence of Basal Cell Carcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Patients on Antiprogrammed Cell Death-1 Therapy for Metastatic Melanoma.

Systemic melanoma therapies have the potential to affect basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cuSCC) development. In this study, we aim to compare the incidence of BCC and cuSCC in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with antiprogrammed cell death-1 (anti-PD1), BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) monotherapy or dabrafenib and trametinib combination therapy (CombiDT) with a group of control patients having similar risk factors. We reviewed the records of melanoma patients on anti-PD1, BRAFi, or CombiDT, and patients from the High-Risk Melanoma Clinic, Westmead Hospital.

Intracorneal pustular drug eruption, a novel cutaneous adverse event in anti-programmed cell death-1 patients that highlights the effect of anti-programmed cell death-1 in neutrophils.

The introduction of anti-programmed cell death-1 (anti-PD1) monoclonal antibodies has revolutionized the treatment of various advanced malignancies. Despite its efficacy, anti-PD1 therapy is accompanied by a variety of cutaneous adverse events. A 79-year-old man developed erythematous scaly plaques and pustules of the forehead, legs and arms after four cycles of nivolumab infusions every 2 weeks.

PD-1 inhibitor-associated lichenoid inflammation with incidental suprabasilar acantholysis or vesiculation-Report of 4 cases.

Background: Immune checkpoint agents targeting programmed cell death-1 protein (PD1) or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) receptors are increasingly utilized in treatment of advanced malignancies. However, these immunotherapies are commonly associated with idiosyncratic cutaneous adverse reactions. Thus, recognition and awareness of these reactions are necessary.

Acute Truncal Lymphedema Secondary to Axillary Metastatic Melanoma Presenting Like Cellulitis.

There are reported cases of diphencyprone used in treating cutaneous metastases of melanoma. Here, we report a patient with previous primary melanoma on his left back treated with surgical excision and lymphadenectomy, followed by radiotherapy for the recurrent tumor on the primary site. Despite radiotherapy and treatment with dabrafenib and trametinib, in-transit metastases have developed and topical diphencyprone was applied to these metastases.

Histologic Assessment of Lichenoid Dermatitis Observed in Patients With Advanced Malignancies on Antiprogramed Cell Death-1 (anti-PD-1) Therapy With or Without Ipilimumab.

Lichenoid drug reaction is a common adverse reaction in patients taking immune-modulatory agents such as antiprogramed cell death (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 agents. The authors describe the clinical and histologic features of lichenoid drug reaction in 20 biopsies from 15 patients on anti-PD-1 agents and 9 biopsies from 7 patients on anti-PD-1 plus ipilimumab therapy. Clinically, all except 2 patients presented with discrete, violaceous exanthematous papules to plaques.

PD-1 inhibitors induced bullous lichen planus-like reactions: a rare presentation and report of three cases.

The introduction of immunotherapy such as antiprogrammed death1 (anti-PD1) monoclonal antibodies has changed the scenario of treatment in cancer. Apart from their impressive efficacy profiles, they are better tolerated than the anticytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 antibodies. Dermatological adverse events such as pruritus and rash have been reported in various clinical trials.

Bullous pemphigoid, an autoantibody-mediated disease, is a novel immune-related adverse event in patients treated with anti-programmed cell death 1 antibodies.

Anti-programmed cell death 1 (anti-PD1) antibodies such as pembrolizumab have shown improved progression-free and overall survival in patients with advanced melanoma. Of 124 patients reviewed in Westmead Hospital from May 2012 to November 2015, treated with pembrolizumab for advanced melanoma, we encountered three cases of bullous pemphigoid (BP). We have previously reported a case of BP.

Cutaneous adverse events (AEs) of anti-programmed cell death (PD)-1 therapy in patients with metastatic melanoma: A single-institution cohort.

Background: Anti-programmed cell death (PD)-1 therapy is emerging as the backbone of new standard of care immunotherapy for metastatic melanoma. Immune-related cutaneous events are observed in these patients.

Objective: We sought to describe cutaneous adverse events observed in patients with metastatic melanoma on anti-PD-1 therapy.

Predicting discordant HER2 results in ipsilateral synchronous invasive breast carcinomas: experience from a single institution.

With the emergence of multiple lines of highly effective Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) directed therapy, accurate identification of HER2 positive tumour has become a critical aspect in the histopathological analysis of breast cancers. Multifocal invasive breast carcinomas are relatively common, and given the aggressive inherent biology of HER2 positive disease, identification of even small tumours with HER2 positive status may be of importance for treatment planning. There are currently no clear guidelines as to whether all of these foci should be tested for HER2 status.

Cutaneous Toxic Effects of BRAF Inhibitors Alone and in Combination With MEK Inhibitors for Metastatic Melanoma.

Importance: The cutaneous adverse effects of the BRAF inhibitors vemurafenib and dabrafenib mesylate in the treatment of metastatic melanoma have been well reported. The addition of a MEK inhibitor to a BRAF inhibitor improves the blockade of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. The combination of dabrafenib with the MEK inhibitor trametinib dimethyl sulfoxide (CombiDT therapy) increases response rate and survival compared with a BRAF inhibitor alone.