Assessment of the health impacts of air pollution exposure in East African countries.

The health effects of air pollution remain a public concern worldwide. Using data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 report, we statistically analyzed total mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALY), and years of life lost (YLL) attributable to air pollution in eight East African countries between 1990 and 2019. We acquired ambient ozone (O), PM concentrations and household air pollution (HAP) from the solid fuel from the State of Global Air report.

Polyoxometalate-catalyzed hydrolysis of the hemicelluloses by (Mo-V-P)-heteropolyacids-Statistical modeling using response surfaces.

The mixed-addenda Keggin-type molybdovanadophosphate heteropolyacids (Mo-V-P)-HPAs of series H[PMoVO] with n = 3,4 (HPA-3 and HPA-4) were found to be extremely effective acid catalysts for green hydrolytic conversion of plant (wood and agro-crop) hemicelluloses into soluble mono and oligosaccharides (XOS) within an integrated biorefining scheme. Response surface methodology (RSM) has been applied for statistical modeling and optimization of (Mo-V-P)-HPA catalyzed hemicellulose hydrolysis using potential European energy agro-crop giant reed (Arundo donax) as a model lignocellulosic feedstock. In much diluted (0.

Highly efficient hydrolysis of plant hemicelluloses by mixed-addenda Keggin-type (Mo-V-P)-heteropolyacids in diluted aqueous solution.

Polyoxometalate (POM) catalyzed hydrolysis of wood and agro-crop hemicelluloses by mixed-addenda molybdic α-Keggin-type heteropolyacids (HPAs), such as molybdovanadophosphate heteropolyacids (Mo-V-P)-HPAs of series H[PMoVO] with n = 3 and 4 (so-called HPA-3 and HPA-4), have been assessed in comparison with conventional sulfuric acid catalysis. In very diluted (20 mM) aqueous solutions of (Mo-V-P)-HPAs, up to 90% of total biomass xylan was readily converted into soluble sugars (mono and oligosaccharides) after 60 min hydrolysis reaction at 130 °C, vs only ca. 25% conversion (as a max.

The complete genome of the oil emulsifying strain Thalassolituus oleivorans K-188 from the Barents Sea.

Gammaproteobacterium Thalassolituus oleivorans plays an important role in oil degradation in sea water through emulsifying crude oil and alkanes at low temperatures in polar sea environment. Here we report the complete genome sequence of K-188 strain (VKPM B-9394) isolated in the Barents Sea and compare it with other known Thalassolituus oleivorans strains. The Thalassolituus strains are differed in orthologs number of the genes of alkane degradation, transport proteins, genes of sugar utilization, endonucleases, signaling proteins, transcriptional regulators and presence of CRISPR/Cas locus.

Development of a space-borne spectrometer to monitor atmospheric ozone.

A new compact satellite spectrometer dedicated to monitoring terrestrial atmospheric ozone (ozonometer) is in preparation for the Russian Geophysics Program. Four instruments at four satellites (Ionosphere) are intended to monitor the total ozone content by measuring spectra of scattered solar radiation in nadir. The spectrometer is based on the Rowland scheme with a concave holographic diffraction grating.

[The place of novel oral anticoagulants in prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism].

The notion "venous thromboembolism" combines two processes: thrombosis of deep veins and pulmonary artery thromboembolism. The necessity in long-term adequate anticoagulant therapy as the basic treatment of patients with deep vain thrombosis does not give rise to doubts, it should be started prior to instrumental verification of the diagnosis. The past decade was marked by the appearance on the pharmaceutical market of a new oral anticoagulant: selective blocker of the Xa factor of blood coagulation system - rivaroxaban.

Xylose production from giant reed (Arundo donax L.): Modeling and optimization of dilute acid hydrolysis.

Statistical modeling and optimization of dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis of potential energy crop giant reed (Arundo donax L.) has been performed using response surface methodology. Central composite rotatable design was applied to assess the effect of acid concentration, reaction time and temperature on efficiency and selectivity of xylan polysaccharide conversion to xylose.

[Mistakes in diagnostics and treatment of soft tissue sarcomas].

120 patients with primary or recurrent soft tissue sarcomas were treated during 1995-2010 years. Analysis of clinical materials allowed singling out most frequent mistakes in diagnostics and treatment that had been made in 52 (43%) patients. High frequency of mistakes caused by rarity of disease, complexity in diagnostics and choice of adequate treatment tactics demands the necessity to concentrate these patients in medical institutions that specialize in treatment of soft tissue sarcomas.

Molybdo-vanado-phosphate heteropolyanion catalyzed pulp ozonation in acetone/water solution. Part 2. Catalyst re-oxidation.

The re-oxidation capacity of partially reduced heptamolybdo-pentavanado-phosphate polyanion (HPA-5(red) or heteropoly blue) by ozone in water and aqueous acetone solution has been examined under conditions simulating pulp bleaching process. Two oxidation stages/phases were revealed indicating the presence of two reactive states (forms) of catalyst in ozonation solution. The bulk of HPA-5(red) (ca.

Molybdo-vanado-phosphate heteropolyanion catalyzed pulp ozonation in acetone/water solution. Part 1. Effect of process variables.

The effect of solvent and catalyst concentration, pH and ionic strength on ozone bleaching of commercial eucalyptus kraft pulp in acetone-water solution in the presence of Keggin-type heteropolyanion [PMo(7)V(5)O(40)](8-) (HPA-5) has been examined and compared with conventional (solvent/catalyst free) ozonation systems. The solvent content and medium acidity were found to be the principal factors affecting ozonation efficiency. Increase in acetone concentration from 6% to 60% (w/w) led to gain in pulp brightness by 20.

Impact of hexenuronic acids on xylanase-aided bio-bleaching of chemical pulps.

Hexenuronic acids (HexA) of hemicellulosic heteroxylan were shown to play important role in brightness development of chemical pulps during xylanase-aided bio-bleaching. Industrial wood (eucalypt) kraft pulp and a few non-wood (giant reed) organosolv pulps were pre-treated with commercial xylanase preparations (endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity; EC 3.2.

Arundo donax L. reed: new perspectives for pulping and bleaching. 5. Ozone-based TCF bleaching of organosolv pulps.

Three selected alkali-based organosolv pulps (alkali-sulfite-anthraquinone-methanol (ASAM), alkali-anthraquinone-methanol (organocell) and ethanol-soda) from agrofibre crop giant reed (Arundo donax L.) were bleached by an ozone-based TCF (totally chlorine- free) bleaching sequence AZE(R)QP (where A is an acidic pulp pre-treatment, Z is an ozone stage, (E(R)) is an alkaline extraction in the presence of reducing agent, Q is a pulp chelating, P is a hydrogen peroxide stage) without oxygen pre-bleaching, and compared with a conventional kraft pulp used as a reference. The different response on bleaching conditions within each bleaching stage was noted for all tested pulps.

[Role of reflux in evolution and prognosis of acute thrombophlebitis of lower extremities varicose veins].

Role of venous reflux in evolution and prediction of acute varicotrombophlebitis (AVTP) has been evaluated with coloured duplex scanning performed as daily monitoring. It is demonstrated that venous reflux determines the direction and rate of thromb formation, it potential of embolism, promotes formation of floating thrombi. Study of venous reflux permits to predict the evolution of AVTP.

Arundo donax L. reed: new perspectives for pulping and bleaching. Part 4. Peroxide bleaching of organosolv pulps.

A comparative study on TCF (totally chlorine-free) bleachability of organosolv pulps from the annual fibre crop Arundo donax L. (giant reed) was carried out using a simple three-stage peroxide bleaching sequence without oxygen pre-bleaching. ASAM (alkali-sulfite-anthraquinone-methanol), Organocell (alkali-anthraquinone-methanol) and ethanol-soda organosolv pulps were bleached and compared with kraft pulp, as a reference.

[Circulation of West Nile virus (Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) and some other arboviruses in the ecosystems of Volga delta, Volga-Akhtuba flood-lands and adjoining arid regions (2000-2002)].

Comprehensive virological, serological as well as genetic studies of the ecology of West Nile Virus (WNV) as well as of some other arboviruses were undertaken in different ecosystems in the territories of the Astrakhan Region and of the Kalmyk Republic. The main carriers (mosquitoes, ticks, birds and mammals) were defined as involved in the circulation of viruses within the natural and anthropogenic biocenosis. Phylogenetic examinations of isolated strains and samples, which were positive in RT-PCR, showed an absolute predominance of genotype I virus that was most closely related to American and Israeli strains.

West Nile virus and other zoonotic viruses in Russia: examples of emerging-reemerging situations.

Studies of the interactions of vertebrates, viruses and arthropod vectors of these viruses were monitored in terms of different ecological groups of viruses transmitted by mosquitoes and ticks in Northern Eurasia in an area encompassing more than 15 million km2. About 90 viruses were isolated, including 24 new to science. Newly recognized infections of vertebrates, including humans, were described.

[Acute thrombophlebitis in the territory of saphena magna vein].

Problems of strategy and policy of surgical treatment of acute thrombophlebitis in the territory of saphena magna vein are discussed. Results of urgent radical combined venectomy in 76 patients are presented. A gas technique of subfascial dissection of perforant veins (SEPS) was used in 52 patients for the first time both for diagnosis and adequate treatment of thrombosed perforants.