Lactobacillus casei Shirota probiotic drinks reduce antibiotic associated diarrhoea in patients with spinal cord injuries who regularly consume proton pump inhibitors: a subgroup analysis of the ECLISP multicentre RCT.

Study Design: This was a sub-group analysis of a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial (ECLISP trial) OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy of a probiotic containing at least 6.5 × 10 live Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LcS) in preventing antibiotic associated diarrhoea (AAD) in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) who consumed proton pump inhibitor (PPI) regularly. LcS or placebo was given once daily for the duration of an antibiotic course and continued for 7 days thereafter.

Economic evaluation of a trial exploring the effects of a web-based support tool for parents of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Objective: To explore the cost-effectiveness of a web-based support tool for parents of children with Juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Methods: A multi-centred randomized controlled trial was conducted in paediatric rheumatology centres in England. The WebParC intervention consisted of online information about JIA and its treatment and a toolkit using cognitive-behavioural therapy principles to support parents manage their child's JIA.

A mixed model approach to estimate the survivor average causal effect in cluster-randomized trials.

In many medical studies, the outcome measure (such as quality of life, QOL) for some study participants becomes informatively truncated (censored, missing, or unobserved) due to death or other forms of dropout, creating a nonignorable missing data problem. In such cases, the use of a composite outcome or imputation methods that fill in unmeasurable QOL values for those who died rely on strong and untestable assumptions and may be conceptually unappealing to certain stakeholders when estimating a treatment effect. The survivor average causal effect (SACE) is an alternative causal estimand that surmounts some of these issues.

The impact of COVID-19 on Australian clinicians' decision making in line with the principles of Choosing Wisely.

Aim: To explore the perspectives of clinicians' decision-making processes and considerations in line with the Choosing Wisely principles during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design: An exploratory qualitative approach was used.

Methods: Data were collected via semi-structured interviews to encourage participants to discuss their own experience in making clinical decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Using the behaviour change wheel and person-based approach to develop a digital self-management intervention for patients with adrenal insufficiency: the study protocol.

Introduction: Most patients with Adrenal insufficiency (AI) require lifelong glucocorticoid replacement. They need to increase glucocorticoids during physical illness or major stressful situations and require parenteral hydrocortisone in the event of an adrenal crisis. Patients with AI have impaired quality of life and high mortality; approximately 1 in 6-12 patients are hospitalised at least once/year from a potentially preventable adrenal crisis.

The impact of chemotherapy on cognitive performance post-surgery in patients with colorectal cancer: A prospective cohort study.

Objectives: Subjective reports of cognitive impairment following chemotherapy are frequent in cancer patients. Objective cognitive impairment has been observed in cancer patients regardless of treatment regimen suggesting the relationship between cognitive impairment and chemotherapy is not clear cut. Little research has explored the effects of chemotherapy on cognition following surgery in colorectal cancer (CRC).

A Bayesian Approach for Estimating the Survivor Average Causal Effect When Outcomes Are Truncated by Death in Cluster-Randomized Trials.

Many studies encounter clustering due to multicenter enrollment and nonmortality outcomes, such as quality of life, that are truncated due to death-that is, missing not at random and nonignorable. Traditional missing-data methods and target causal estimands are suboptimal for statistical inference in the presence of these combined issues, which are especially common in multicenter studies and cluster-randomized trials (CRTs) carried out among the elderly or seriously ill. Using principal stratification, we developed a Bayesian estimator that jointly identifies the always-survivor principal stratum in a clustered/hierarchical data setting and estimates the average treatment effect among them (i.

Artificial intelligence education for radiographers, an evaluation of a UK postgraduate educational intervention using participatory action research: a pilot study.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled applications are increasingly being used in providing healthcare services, such as medical imaging support. Sufficient and appropriate education for medical imaging professionals is required for successful AI adoption. Although, currently, there are AI training programmes for radiologists, formal AI education for radiographers is lacking.

Psychosocial Risk Factors for Health-Related Quality of Life in Adult Congenital Heart Disease.

Background: There is variability in the impact of adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). A greater insight into the impact of ACHD may be gained from investigating HRQoL in various diagnostic groups and considering the importance of psychosocial risk factors for poor HRQoL.

Objective: We compared the HRQoL of people with ACHD with normative data from the general population and among 4 diagnostic groups and identified risk factors for poor HRQoL in ACHD from a comprehensive set of sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors.

Healthcare professionals' perceived barriers and facilitators of implementing clinical practice guidelines for stroke rehabilitation: A systematic review.

Objective: To identify healthcare professionals' perceived barriers and facilitators to clinical practice guideline implementation within stroke rehabilitation.

Data Sources: CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED, Cochrane library, Academic Search Complete and Scopus. Additional papers were identified through hand searching.

Voice Related Coping in Professional Voice Users-A Systematic Review.

Objectives: This systematic review explored coping with voice problems in professional voice users. The objectives were to: 1) evaluate how voice-related coping is assessed in professional voice users 2) investigate how they cope with voice problems, and 3) identify factors associated with voice-related coping.

Design: Systematic review.

Acceptability and Impact of an Educational App (iCare) for Informal Carers Looking After People at Risk of Pressure Ulceration: Mixed Methods Pilot Study.

Background: Pressure ulcers are areas of skin damage resulting from sustained pressure. Informal carers play a central role in preventing pressure ulcers among older and disabled people living at home. Studies highlight the paucity of pressure ulcer training for informal carers and suggest that pressure ulcer risk is linked to high levels of carer burden.

The Effects of a Web-Based Tool for Parents of Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a group of autoinflammatory diseases that cause pain and disability if not controlled by treatment. Parenting a child with JIA is stressful for parents, who express concerns about their child's treatment and may experience anxiety and powerlessness concerning their child's illness. Parenting stress is greater in parents of children with chronic illness than in those with healthy children and is related to poorer psychological adjustment in both parents and children.

Investigating the feasibility of MePlusMe, an online intervention to support mental health, well-being, and study skills in higher education students.

Introduction: While there are several web-based mental health interventions, few target higher education (HE) students. Importantly, more research is needed to establish their effectiveness. Here, we provide a pragmatic evaluation of an online intervention (MePlusMe) specifically designed to improve the mental health, well-being, and study skills of HE students.

Blood transfusion in haematology: A qualitative exploration of patients' and healthcare professionals' perceptions.

Objectives: Repeated blood transfusions are indicated for the management of patients with cancer or blood disorders. Patients' perceptions about transfusions may be associated with decision-making and coping, which has been under-explored in the haematology context. This study therefore aimed to explore haematology transfusion patients' and HCPs' perceptions of blood transfusion, drawing on theory and previously identified themes of transfusion perceptions.

A patient-initiated treatment model for blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: To test, in a two-arm, single center, superiority, randomized controlled trial, the effectiveness of and costs associated with a patient-initiated treatment model for people with hemifacial spasm (HFS) and blepharospasm (BEB) in comparison to usual care.

Methods: One hundred and thirty patients with HFS or BEB, aged 18 years or over, were recruited from a nurse-led botulinum toxin type A clinic at an eye hospital in the United Kingdom (UK), completed baseline measures and were randomized (1:1). The intervention group determined their own botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) treatment schedule during the trial period (9 months) and received an information leaflet with a "hotline" number to book an appointment.

Is an individually tailored programme of intense leg resistance and dynamic exercise acceptable to adults with an acute lateral patellar dislocation? A feasibility study.

Background: Lateral patellar dislocations mainly affect active teenagers and young adults. To help people recover, non-surgical exercise-based treatment is often recommended but the optimal exercise-based treatment is unknown. Currently, treatment outcomes after this injury are variable.

A study into the effect of Shirota in preventing antibiotic associated diarrhoea including infection in patients with spinal cord injuries: a multicentre randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Antibiotic Associated Diarrhoea (AAD) and Infection (CDI) are of major concern in spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation.

Methods: A multi-centre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled (the ECLISP) trial, was conducted in three tertiary spinal cord injury centre in the UK to assess the efficacy of consuming a probiotic beverage containing at least 6.5 × 10 live Shirota (LcS) in preventing AAD and CDI and in patients with SCI and to determine whether proton pump inhibitors (PPI) and under nutrition-risk are risk factors for AAD/CDI.

Objectively quantified lower limb strength recovery in people treated surgically or non-surgically after patellar dislocation: A systematic review.

Objective: Synthesize evidence on objectively quantified lower limb strength recovery in people treated surgically or non-surgically after patellar dislocation.

Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, SPORTDiscus, PEDro, AMED and CINAHL databases were last searched on July 30th, 2020 for randomized controlled trials and observational studies that objectively quantified lower limb strength in people (any age or sex) treated surgically or non-surgically after patellar dislocation.

Results: 24 studies were included (877 participants, median age 20.

"Now I Am Myself": Exploring How People With Poststroke Aphasia Experienced Solution-Focused Brief Therapy Within the SOFIA Trial.

Aphasia, a language disability, can profoundly affect a person's mood and identity. The experiences of participants who received Solution-Focused Brief Therapy, a psychological intervention, were explored in the Solution-Focused brief therapy In poststroke Aphasia (SOFIA) Trial. Thirty participants with chronic aphasia, 14 with severe aphasia, participated in in-depth interviews that were analyzed using framework analysis.

Which factors impact on quality of life for adults with blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm?

: Benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) and hemifacial spasm (HFS) are debilitating conditions causing spasms to the eyes and/or face and can significantly impact on quality of life (QoL). Initial research has highlighted potential factors impacting on QoL in BEB, but there remains a wealth of demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors that may contribute to QoL but have not received attention. : Cross-sectional baseline data were collected before a single-masked randomised controlled trial from 130 adults with BEB and HFS recruited from botulinum toxin clinics at Moorfields Eye Hospital, London.