Isolated Idiopathic Inferior Rectus Myositis: Taming a Rare Disease at a Rare Site.

The authors report a case of a 66-year-old man with sudden-onset diplopia and redness in the left eye. The examination revealed left hypotropia with exotropia and limited elevation. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography and histopathology suggested inferior rectus myositis with fibrosis.

Surgical management of oculomotor nerve palsy: a comparison of lateral rectus deactivation combined with either medial rectus resection or medial rectus fixation to the medial palpebral ligament.

Purpose: To analyze and compare the outcome of two different surgical procedures in patients with complete oculomotor nerve palsy with large-angle exotropia.

Methods: The medical records of patients with total oculomotor nerve palsy and large-angle exotropia operated on at a single center from January 2006 to June 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. One group underwent lateral rectus deactivation with medial rectus resection (resection group); the other group underwent lateral rectus deactivation with medial rectus fixation to the medial palpebral ligament (fixation group).

A Comparison of Chemodnervation to Incisional Surgery for Acute, Acquired, Comitant Esotropia: An International Study.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of botulinum toxin injections to strabismus surgery in children with acute, acquired, comitant esotropia (ACE), and to investigate factors predicting success.

Design: International, multi-center nonrandomized comparative study METHODS: Setting: Cloud-based survey.

Study Population: Children aged 2 to 17 years who underwent a single surgical intervention for ACE.

An uncommon presentation of WAGR syndrome with persistent fetal vasculature.

Aniridia is an autosomal dominant congenital malformation associated with mutations in the PAX6 gene. It can be associated with deletion in the contiguous WT1 gene, leading to WAGR syndrome, characterized by Wilm tumor, aniridia, genitourinary anomalies, and mental retardation. Persistent fetal vasculature is a developmental malformation caused by incomplete regression of hyaloid vasculature.

Augmented loop myopexy with concurrent intraocular lens implantation for myopic strabismus fixus.

Purpose: To evaluate safety profile and surgical outcomes of loop myopexy with concurrent intra-ocular lens implantation in cases of myopic strabismus fixus (MSF).

Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients who underwent loop myopexy with concurrent small incision cataract surgery with intra-ocular lens implantation between January 2017 and July 2021 for MSF at a tertiary eye care centre was undertaken. A minimum of 6 months of follow-up after surgery was required for inclusion.

Comparison of measurements between manual and automated eyetracking systems in patients with strabismus - A preliminary study.

Purpose: The main objective is to test the measurements made by an automated eye-tracking system in the presence of strabismus and to compare the data with manual measurements of deviation.

Methods: A prospective observational cross-sectional masked double-blinded study was conducted in a tertiary eye care center with 39 participants included in our study, aged 3-41 years. Initial screening of all participants was performed by an ophthalmologist.

The art of tackling strabismus skillfully by sparing vessels.

Background: Detaching a rectus muscle irreparably destroys its ciliary artery circulation which also supplies the anterior segment of the eye.

Purpose: To educate strabismus surgeons about a method of detaching a muscle without compromising anterior segment circulation.

Synopsis: A limbal based conjunctival incision is made.

Down syndrome with bilateral posterior lenticonus.

We present a case of bilateral posterior lenticonus in a young boy with Down syndrome. Association of posterior lenticonus in Down syndrome is rarely reported in the literature. We have discussed the clinical features and management of this patient at our hospital.

Intratrochlear steroid injections in acquired Brown syndrome-a case series.

Purpose: To present our experience in the treatment of children with acquired Brown syndrome by means of intratrochlear injection of betamethasone.

Methods: The medical records of patients treated with intratrochlear betamethasone in 2016 at the Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, were reviewed retrospectively. The following data were collected: pre- and postoperative orthoptic work-up, blood work, and neuroimaging.

Double Augmented Vertical Rectus Transposition for Large-Angle Esotropia Due to Sixth Nerve Palsy.

Purpose: To study the binocular alignment and ocular motility in patients with large-angle esotropia due to sixth nerve palsy treated with double augmented vertical recti transposition.

Methods: This was a prospective interventional study. Fifteen patients with non-resolving sixth nerve palsy who underwent surgical correction were included in the study.

Congenital oculomotor nerve palsy due to effects of carotid artery agenesis.

Isolated carotid artery agenesis is not generally recognized as a cause of congenital oculomotor nerve palsy. We report this rare association in 2 children and examine the underlying mechanism.

Mutational screening of LCA genes emphasizing RPE65 in South Indian cohort of patients.

Background: Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is the most severe form of inherited retinal visual impairment in children. So far, mutations in more than 20 genes have been known to cause LCA and among them, RPE65 is a suitable candidate for gene therapy. The mutational screenings of RPE65 and other LCA genes are requisite in support of emerging gene specific therapy for LCA.

Superior oblique muscle entrapment in orbital fracture presenting as acquired brown-like syndrome: a case report and review of literature.

Pediatric orbital trauma with fracture involving the junction of roof and medial wall leading to superior oblique entrapment is rare. Here the authors report a case of orbital fracture at the junction of roof and medial wall with entrapment of the superior oblique muscle presenting clinically as canine tooth syndrome which was surgically released. Postoperatively, the ocular motility improved, and the patient was relieved of diplopia.

Analysis of the SALL4 gene in patients with Duane retraction syndrome in a South Indian population.

Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) is a congenital eye movement disorder characterized most typically by partial or complete failure of abduction and narrowing of palpebral fissure with globe retraction on adduction. Recently mutations of the SALL4 gene on chromosome 20 have been linked to DRS associated with radial forearm malformations (Okihiro syndrome). In this prospective, non-interventional study we screened for SALL4 mutations in 72 patients clinically diagnosed as having isolated DRS or DRS associated syndromes.

Improvement in visual acuity following surgery for correction of head posture in infantile nystagmus syndrome.

Purpose: To report the effect of the abnormal head posture (AHP) correcting procedures on the visual acuity improvement in patients with infantile nystagmus syndrome (INS) and the visual acuity improvement outcomes in different AHP correcting surgeries in INS.

Methods: This was a prospective, non-randomized, interventional study. Twenty-eight patients underwent the Anderson-Kestenbaum procedure or the modified Anderson procedure with or without tenotomy of at least one horizontal recti for correction of AHP.

Bilateral Duane retraction syndrome with optic nerve hypoplasia.

The authors report a unique case of a child with the infrequent association of bilateral Duane retraction syndrome with underdevelopment of the anterior visual pathway. Both conditions were caused presumably due to a common disturbance of neuronal development during the second month of embryogenesis.

Bilateral persistent fetal vasculature: a study of 11 cases.

Purpose: To describe the clinical and radiologic features of patients with bilateral persistent fetal vasculature (PFV).

Methods: All patients diagnosed with symmetric, bilateral PFV over a 3.5-year period were included in this representative, observational case series.

Atypical presentation of an unusual foreign body.

A 14-year-old boy presented with intractable diplopia for 10 days following an assault. A thorough history revealed that he was unaware of any penetrating injury. However, imaging demonstrated a radiolucent foreign body between the globe and the orbital floor.

Wildervanck syndrome associated with cleft palate and short stature.

We report a case of Wildervanck syndrome exhibiting Klippel-Feil anomaly, Duane retraction syndrome and deafness. Since the first case was reported in 1952, there have been more reports describing this triad, either complete or incomplete. Our patient had the complete triad of the syndrome along with cleft palate and short stature.

Surgical outcome in monocular elevation deficit: a retrospective interventional study.

Background And Aim: Monocular elevation deficiency (MED) is characterized by a unilateral defect in elevation, caused by paretic, restrictive or combined etiology. Treatment of this multifactorial entity is therefore varied. In this study, we performed different surgical procedures in patients of MED and evaluated their outcome, based on ocular alignment, improvement in elevation and binocular functions.

Pigmented free-floating retrolental space cyst.

We report an unusual case of a free-floating pigmented retrolental cyst, which was diagnosed after examination by slitlamp, B-scan ultrasonography, and ultrasound biomicroscopy. Pigmented cysts, which may arise from the ciliary body epithelium, are embryologically and morphologically different from clear cysts.

Weill-Marchesani syndrome associated with retinitis pigmentosa.

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is associated with a wide variety of ocular and systemic disorders. The Weill-Marchesani syndrome is a multi-system disorder with microspherophakia as one of the common manifestations. A 14-year-old girl presented with short stature, short and stubby fingers, hypodontia and low-set ears.