A Review on Exploring the Potential of Vincamine and as an Effective Anti-depressant Agent.

Background: Depression is a prevalent psychiatric disorder and one of the leading causes of disability around the world. Herbal and synthetic medications used to treat depression, may interrupt the therapy process and cause adverse effects. Currently, the use of medicinal and phytochemical plants, which have various therapeutic effects and has potential strategy for treating depression.

An Insight through Various Models being used for Assessment of Depression and its Management at Primary Level in Current Scenario.

Aim: The main aim of present study to assess depression and various neurotransmitters involved in it with their evaluating models.

Background: Depression is a common ailment that can be recurrent or even become chronic. According to the National Service Framework for Mental Health (released in 1999 by the Department of Health), people with depression should continue to be treated primarily in primary care settings.

B-Map: a fuzzy-based model to detect foreign objects in a brain.

To cope up with the medical complications, scientists and physicians rely more on digitized historical evidence. It helps them to identify the disease and to develop new drugs and strategies. The authors have designed a model called B-Map.

Ethical Characteristics of Research Proposals Related to COVID-19 Pandemic in Nepal: A Retrospective Review.

Background: Public health emergency is vulnerable time where maintaining ethical principles is obligatory while doing research, on the other hand, it is the same time when breach in ethics is much likely whenever a researcher is unaware, unprepared or hastens to do research. The aim of this study was to assess ethical issues of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related research proposals submitted during the early stages of pandemic in Nepal.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of COVID-19 related research proposals and their informed consent document submitted to the ethical review board at Nepal Health Research Council was done for the study.

An appraisal of cuticular wax of Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br.: Extraction, chemical composition, biosafety and application.

Plastic and polythene as hydrophobic materials become a grave concern due to their non-biodegradable nature, cumbersome recycling and waste management. Cuticular wax derived from Calotropis procera is explored as an eco-friendly and safe hydrophobic material. The effects of duration of exposure to solvent, solvent type, size and side of the leaf on cuticular wax yield have been studied.

Enhancement in the Neuroprotective Power of Riluzole Against Cerebral Ischemia Using a Brain Targeted Drug Delivery Vehicle.

Riluzole is the only available drug for motor neuron diseases quite well-known for its neuroprotective activity. But its poor aqueous solubility, short half-life with some side-effects at higher concentration poses a limitation to its use as a therapeutic agent. The present study was performed to investigate the therapeutic potential of nanoriluzole (NR), i.

Nanoparticle Based Delivery of Quercetin for the Treatment of Carbon Tetrachloride Mediated Liver Cirrhosis in Rats.

Liver fibrosis is the common response to chronic liver injury and ultimately leads to cirrhosis. There is a pressing need in the pharmaceutical industry to develop efficient well-targeted drug delivery systems, which are lacking to date. This study was designed to investigate the efficacy of a nanoquercetin NQ; i.

Deterioration in the renal function and risk of microalbuminuria after radical, simple and donor nephrectomy: A long-term outcome.

Objectives: Evaluation of deterioration in renal function and risk of micro albuminuria after radical, simple and donor nephrectomy.

Materials And Methods: A total of 594 patients underwent nephrectomy (159 radical, 318 simple and 117 donors) from February 2009 to December 2012 in our institute. First 300 eligible patients were divided in 3 groups, each having equalled number of patients.

Megalourethra with Y-Type Duplication of Urethra Presented as Perianal Fistula: A Rare Case Report.

Megalourethra with Y-type duplication is an extremely rare anomaly. We report here one such case, diagnosed with retrograde urethrogram, which was done from both penile meatus and perianal opening simultaneously. Patient was successfully treated by laser optical internal urethrotomy (OIU), excision of duplicated urethra, and reduction urethroplasty in a single stage.

The uncertain climate footprint of wetlands under human pressure.

Significant climate risks are associated with a positive carbon-temperature feedback in northern latitude carbon-rich ecosystems, making an accurate analysis of human impacts on the net greenhouse gas balance of wetlands a priority. Here, we provide a coherent assessment of the climate footprint of a network of wetland sites based on simultaneous and quasi-continuous ecosystem observations of CO2 and CH4 fluxes. Experimental areas are located both in natural and in managed wetlands and cover a wide range of climatic regions, ecosystem types, and management practices.

Nanothymoquinone, a novel hepatotargeted delivery system for treating CCl mediated hepatotoxicity in rats.

Thymoquinone (TQ) is the major active principle of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) which is widely being used as a hepatoprotective agent nowadays. However, toxicity at high doses with poor water solubility limit its usage as a therapeutic agent.

Self-assembled metalla-rectangles bearing azodipyridyl ligands: synthesis, characterization and antitumor activity.

Sixteen arene-Ru based molecular-rectangles were self-assembled in high yields by the equimolar mixing of arene-Ru acceptors (Aa-Ad) with various azopyridyl ligands (1,2-di(pyridyl-4yl)diazene (L1), 1,2-bis(pyridin-4-ylmethylene)hydrazine (L2), 1,2-bis(1-(pyridin-4-yl)ethylidene)hydrazine (L3), 1,2-bis(pyridin-4-ylmethylene)hydrazine (L4)) in nitromethane-methanol solutions. These new molecular-rectangles were fully characterized by a host of analytical techniques including elemental analysis, (1)H and (13)C NMR and HR-ESI-MS. The solid-state structures of two molecular-rectangles (1b and 4d) were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction data.

Di-n-butyltin(IV) complexes derived from heterocyclic beta-diketones and N-phthaloyl amino acids: preparation, biological evaluation, structural elucidation based upon spectral [IR, NMR (1H, 13C, 19F and 119Sn)] studies.

Stable, six coordinated Bu(2)SnLA type complexes have been prepared [where LH = RCOC:C(OH)N(C(6) H(5))N:CCH(3); R = -4-F-C(6)H(4)-(L(1)H), R = -4-Cl-C(6)H(4)-(L(2)H), R= -4-Br-C(6)H(4)-(L(3)H), R=-CF(3)(L(4)H) and AH = C(O)C(6) H(4) C(O)NCHR'COOH; R'= -H(A(1)H), -CH(3)(A(2)H), -CH(CH(3))(2)(A(3)H)] by the interaction of 1:1:1 molar ratios of di-n-butyltin(IV) dichloride with corresponding organic moieties in refluxing benzene using two moles of Et(3)N as a base. In these complexes LH and AH behave as bidentate and coordination is taking place through oxygen, this is inferred from IR and (13)C NMR studies. These complexes possess tin atoms in skew trapezoidal bipyramidal geometry with the C-Sn-C angles ranging from 149.

Correlation of clinical and laboratory surrogate markers of immunodepletion with T cell subsets (CD4 & CD8) determined flow cytometrically in HIV infected patients: a hospital based study.

CD4 count is established in HIV medicine as a marker of immune depletion. However, due to financial constraints this facility is not readily available in India. Therefore, this cross sectional study in the setting of a government hospital in Pune evaluated 72 HIV infected patients for the surrogate markers of CD4 count by correlating CD counts with clinical and easily available laboratory parameters.

Comparison of CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte counts in HIV-negative pulmonary TB patients with those in normal blood donors and the effect of antitubercular treatment: hospital-based flow cytometric study.

Background: This study was designed to flow cytometrically determine baseline and sequential values of CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte subsets in patients without the human immunodeficiency virus and with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and to correlate these values with those obtained from normal male blood donors and with the radiologic extent of disease and response to therapy.

Methods: We studied 39 male patients without the human immunodeficiency virus and with sputum positive for pulmonary TB who had been admitted to Military Hospital (Cardiothoracic Center) in Pune, India. Clinical, laboratory, and radiologic evaluations of these patients were done.

Normal values of CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte subsets in healthy indian adults and the effects of sex, age, ethnicity, and smoking.

Background: Information on lymphocyte populations (T, B, and natural killer cells) and subpopulations (CD4 and CD8) in India is generally lacking. Measurement of T-cell subsets is important in India for evaluating disease stage and progression in individuals with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Hence, this study was conducted to provide normal ranges of absolute and percentage values of CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocyte subsets and the ratio of CD4 to CD8 in normal Indian adults.