Long term impact of the endocrine disruptor tributyltin on male fertility following a single acute exposure.

Declining rate of human fertility is a growing concern, where lifestyle and environmental factors play an important role. We recently demonstrated that tributyltin (TBT), an omnipresent endocrine disruptor, affects testicular cells in vitro. In this study, male Wistar rats were gavaged a single dose of 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg TBT-chloride (TBTC) (to mimic accidental exposure in vivo) and sacrificed on day 3 and day 7, respectively.

C-Phycocyanin protects against acute tributyltin chloride neurotoxicity by modulating glial cell activity along with its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory property: A comparative efficacy evaluation with N-acetyl cysteine in adult rat brain.

Spirulina is a widely used health supplement and is a dietary source of C-Phycocyanin (CPC), a potent anti-oxidant. We have previously reported the neurotoxic potential of tributyltin chloride (TBTC), an environmental pollutant and potent biocide. In this study, we have evaluated the protective efficacy of CPC against TBTC induced neurotoxicity.

N-acetylcysteine effectively mitigates cadmium-induced oxidative damage and cell death in Leydig cells in vitro.

Context: Cadmium (Cd) is known to cause severe damage to various organs including lung, liver, kidney, brain and reproductive system. Several studies have reported the induction of oxidative stress pathways following Cd exposure.

Objective: Since oxidative stress is also deemed responsible for inducing male infertility, a growing worldwide concern, we tried to understand whether the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can be a potential therapeutic agent to counter Cd toxicity using primary Leydig cells.

Differential susceptibility of brain regions to tributyltin chloride toxicity.

Tributyltin (TBT), a well-known endocrine disruptor, is an omnipresent environmental pollutant and is explicitly used in many industrial applications. Previously we have shown its neurotoxic potential on cerebral cortex of male Wistar rats. As the effect of TBT on other brain regions is not known, we planned this study to evaluate its effect on four brain regions (cerebellum, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and striatum).

Early cellular responses against tributyltin chloride exposure in primary cultures derived from various brain regions.

Tributyltin (TBT) is a potent biocide and commonly used in various industrial sectors. Humans are mainly exposed through the food chain. We have previously demonstrated tin accumulation in brain following TBT-chloride (TBTC) exposure.

Consequences of tributyltin chloride induced stress in Leydig cells: an ex-vivo approach.

Tributyltin (TBT), a member of the organotin family, is a known endocrine disruptor. It persists long in the environment and is widely used in various industrial applications. This study was planned to understand its toxic influence on Leydig cells isolated from 28 day old wistar rats.

Comparative toxicity of low dose tributyltin chloride on serum, liver, lung and kidney following subchronic exposure.

Tributyltin (TBT) pollution is rampant worldwide and is a growing threat due to its bio-accumulative property. Isolated studies of TBT toxicity on different organs are available but consolidated information is greatly lacking. We planned this study to delineate the effect of subchronic (1 month) exposure to low dose TBT-chloride (TBTC) (1 and 5 mg/kg) in male Wistar rats.

Tributyltin chloride induced testicular toxicity by JNK and p38 activation, redox imbalance and cell death in sertoli-germ cell co-culture.

The widespread use of tributyltin (TBT) as biocides in antifouling paints and agricultural chemicals has led to environmental and marine pollution. Human exposure occurs mainly through TBT contaminated seafood and drinking water. It is a well known endocrine disruptor in mammals, but its molecular mechanism in testicular damage is largely unexplored.

Tributyltin induces oxidative damage, inflammation and apoptosis via disturbance in blood-brain barrier and metal homeostasis in cerebral cortex of rat brain: an in vivo and in vitro study.

Tributyltin (TBT), a member of the organotin family, is primarily used for its biocidal activity. Persistent environmental levels of TBT pose threat to the ecosystem. Since neurotoxic influence of TBT remains elusive, we therefore, studied its effect on cerebral cortex of male Wistar rats.

Cadmium induces thymocyte apoptosis via caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways.

Based on our recent findings that 25 µM cadmium triggers oxidative stress-mediated caspase-dependent apoptosis in murine thymocytes, this study is designed to explore whether Cd also induces caspase-independent apoptosis. We found that pretreatment with caspase inhibitors fails to prevent Cd-induced apoptosis completely, suggesting the possibility of an additional pathway. Western blot and flow cytometry techniques indicated marked expression of apoptosis-inducing factor and endonuclease G in nuclear fraction, signifying their translocation from mitochondria to nucleus.

Assessment of the redox profile and oxidative DNA damage (8-OHdG) in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck.

Background: In developing countries especially in south Asia, there are growing habits of consumption of tobacco and its products in various forms. These are known to generate a strong free radical environment and when the free radicals overwhelm the antioxidant system, they may lead to degeneration of cellular components and mutations.

Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the levels of oxidative stress determinants, which may be one of the critical factors in head and neck cancer development.

Reduced expression of DNA repair genes (XRCC1, XPD, and OGG1) in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck in North India.

Squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN) is the sixth most common cancer globally, and in India, it accounts for 30% of all cancer cases. Epidemiological studies have shown a positive association between defective DNA repair capacity and SCCHN. The underlying mechanism of their involvement is not well understood.

Role of OGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism and 8-oxoguanine DNA damage in risk assessment of squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck in North Indian population.

Squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN), one of the leading cancers worldwide, is most prevalent in Indian sub-continent. The major risk factors involved are smoking and consumption of alcohol, since they provide high free radical generating environment. We studied 8-oxoguanine DNA-glycosylase (OGG1) Ser326Cys polymorphism in 278 SCCHN cases and 278 matched controls by PCR-RFLP and observed that the variant genotype Ser/Cys exhibited an enhanced risk of ∼1.

Associated risk of XRCC1 and XPD cross talk and life style factors in progression of head and neck cancer in north Indian population.

Effective DNA repair machinery ensures maintenance of genomic integrity. Environmental insults, ageing and replication errors necessitate the need for proper DNA repair systems. Any alteration in DNA repair efficacy would play a dominant role in progression of squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN).

Interplay of early biochemical manifestations by cadmium insult in sertoli-germ coculture: an in vitro study.

Cadmium is a common environmental and occupational hazard and its adverse effect on reproductive organ has been well documented. The present study is planned to delineate the mechanism of Cd toxicity in rat testes. Our study shows that Cd causes apoptosis in sertoli-germ cells which is governed by oxidative stress.

C-Phycocyanin: an effective protective agent against thymic atrophy by tributyltin.

Spirulina platensis, used worldwide as a food supplement, is a natural source of protein, vitamins, carbohydrates and polyunsaturated fatty acids. C-Phycocyanin (C-Pc), its major biliprotein, is known to possess anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and radical scavenging properties. Our present study showed that treatment with C-Pc protects the rats from Tributyltin (TBT) induced thymic atrophy.

Immunomodulatory role of piperine in cadmium induced thymic atrophy and splenomegaly in mice.

Cadmium being a potent immunotoxicant, affects both humoral and cell mediated immunity. In rodents, it is primarily characterized by marked thymic atrophy and splenomegaly. Cadmium induces apoptosis in mice and suppresses the immune functions.

Therapeutic efficacy of Picroliv in chronic cadmium toxicity.

Cadmium (Cd), an industrial and environmental pollutant, is toxic to several tissues, most notably causing hepatotoxicity on acute administration and nephrotoxicity following chronic exposure. The therapeutic efficacy of Picroliv--a standardized fraction of Picrorhiza kurroa, was investigated in male rats treated with Cd as CdCl2 (0.5 mg/kg, sc) 5 days/week for 24 weeks and Picroliv at two doses (6 and 12 mg/kg, p.

Comparative efficacy of piperine, curcumin and picroliv against Cd immunotoxicity in mice.

Cadmium (Cd), a well known environmental carcinogen, is a potent immunotoxicant. In rodents, it is primarily characterized by marked thymic atrophy and splenomegaly. Cadmium induces apoptosis in murine lymphocytes and alters the immune functions.

Effect of Picroliv on cadmium induced testicular damage in rat.

Ameliorative potential of Picroliv, a standardized extract of Picrorhiza kurroa on Cd induced early and advanced testicular damage was investigated in male rats. In the former experiment, the rats were administered Cd as CdCl(2) (0.5mg/kg, s.

Cytoprotective and immunomodulating properties of piperine on murine splenocytes: an in vitro study.

Piper longum Linn. and Piper nigrum Linn. are conventionally used as immuno-enhancers in Indian system of traditional medicine.

Impact of cadmium in T lymphocyte subsets and cytokine expression: differential regulation by oxidative stress and apoptosis.

Cadmium (Cd), a possible human carcinogen is a potent immunotoxicant. In rodents it causes thymic atrophy and splenomegaly, in addition to immuno-suppression and modulation of humoral and/or cellular immune response. Oxidative stress and apoptosis appear to be underlying mechanism of Cd induced thymic injury.

Role of oxidative stress and apoptosis in cadmium induced thymic atrophy and splenomegaly in mice.

Cadmium immunotoxicity in rodents is primarily characterized by marked thymic damage and splenomegaly. To understand the toxicity of Cd on lymphoid cells in vivo, a single dose of Cd as CdCl2 (1.8 mg/kg, i.

Modulation of cadmium induced alterations in murine thymocytes by piperine: oxidative stress, apoptosis, phenotyping and blastogenesis.

Piperine, a main component of Piper longum Linn. and Piper nigrum Linn., is a plant alkaloid with a long history of medicinal use in Indian medicine.

Influence of cadmium on murine thymocytes: potentiation of apoptosis and oxidative stress.

Cadmium (Cd) is a well-known environmental carcinogen and a potent immunotoxicant. It induces thymocyte apoptosis in vitro. However, the mode of action is unclear.