Development, Pilot, and Evaluation of a Qualitative Documentation Tool for Pharmacists to Share High Impact Patient Intervention Stories.

Community pharmacists are often the most accessible member of the healthcare team to many patients and can play a key role in managing their chronic conditions, such as diabetes or heart disease, through enhanced pharmacy services. Despite their accessibility, pharmacy services are often underutilized due, in part, to a lack of adequate reimbursement models that comprehensively encapsulate all elements of those pharmacy services. While routine documentation of services does collect certain qualitative data, they do not always indicate the nuance of the full scope of services with resulting robust impact and value of those services for the patient and healthcare system.

Comparing South Dakota Pharmacist Perspectives of Pharmacy Services in Rural versus Urban settings.

Background: Access to healthcare services is a major barrier to residents of the rural state of South Dakota. As a highly accessible member of the healthcare team, outpatient pharmacists can play a key role in a patient's healthcare journey. There is a need to identify the unique barriers and facilitators pharmacists in both rural and urban areas face to maximize the impact of their role.

Impact of a Public Health Awareness Campaign on Patients' Perceptions of Expanded Pharmacy Services in South Dakota Using the Theory of Planned Behavior.

Background: Pharmacists can offer medication expertise to help better control diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and improve patient outcomes, particularly in rural communities. This project evaluated the impact of an awareness campaign on perceptions of expanded pharmacy services. Methods: The “Your Pharmacists Knows” campaign included a 30-s commercial, print material, and media announcements.

Factors Associated with Poor Hemoglobin A1c Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: The limited implementation of clinical pharmacy service programs and the lack of studies identifying barriers to achieve blood glucose control have all attributed to the increased proportion of type 2 diabetes patients who have poor glycemic control in Jordan.

Objective: To explore factors associated with higher HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes in Jordan.

Methods: Variables including socio-demographics, disease and treatment factors were collected from171 patients with type2 diabetes at an outpatient diabetes clinic in Amman.

Patients' perspective of the impact of COPD on quality of life: a focus group study for patients with COPD.

Background The quality of life has been shown to be poor in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Furthermore, patients' perspective and attitudes toward COPD and its impact on their quality of life have been remarkably ignored. Objective To explore patients' views and perceptions regarding COPD and its impact on their quality of life.

Predicting Adherence to Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy among Breast Cancer Survivors: An Application of the Protection Motivation Theory.

The purpose of this observational study was to determine if the Protection Motivation Theory could predict and explain adherence to aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy among breast cancer survivors. Purposive sampling was used to identify 288 survivors who had been prescribed AI therapy. A valid and reliable survey was mailed to survivors.

Predictors of non-adherence to pharmacotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: The prevalence of diabetes in Jordan is among the highest in the world, making it a particularly alarming health problem there. It has been indicated that poor adherence to the prescribed therapy lead to poor glycemic control and enhance the development of diabetes complications and unnecessary hospitalization.

Objective: To explore factors associated with medication nonadherence in patients with type 2 diabetes in Jordan.

Understanding awareness of pharmacist-led medication therapy management among primary care physicians in New York City, Part II: Findings and implications.

Pharmacist scope of practice has evolved over the last few decades. As such, pharmacists are more widely involved in disease management, medication therapy management (MTM), and patient education. As the primary care shortage continues to be of concern for the U.

Understanding awareness of pharmacist-led medication therapy management among primary care physicians in New York City using qualitative methods: part I.

Pharmacist-led medication therapy management (MTM) programs have been shown to be an effective method of optimizing patient therapy for multiple disease states through improved clinical outcomes and decreased healthcare costs. Physicians have recognized pharmacists' ability to identify and prevent prescription errors, and educate patients about safe and appropriate medication use. Pharmacist interventions may help ease the burden of chronic disease among primary care providers and pave the way for a team-based approach in caring for underserved patients with heavy disease burdens.

Pharmacist-provided medication therapy management (MTM) program impacts outcomes for employees with diabetes.

The objective of this prospective, pre-post longitudinal study was to assess the impact of pharmacist-provided medication therapy management (MTM) services on employees' health and well-being by evaluating their clinical and humanistic outcomes. City of Toledo employees and/or their spouses and dependents with diabetes with or without comorbid conditions were enrolled in the pharmacist-conducted MTM program. Participants scheduled consultations with the pharmacist at predetermined intervals.

Improving the economic and humanistic outcomes for diabetic patients: making a case for employer-sponsored medication therapy management.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the cost savings of a pharmacist-led, employer-sponsored medication therapy management (MTM) program for diabetic patients and to assess for any changes in patient satisfaction and self-reported medication adherence for enrollees.

Methods: Participants in this study were enrollees of an employer-sponsored MTM program. They were included if their primary medical insurance and prescription coverage was from the City of Toledo, they had a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, and whether or not they had been on medication or had been given a new prescription for diabetes treatment.

Pharmacists' perceived barriers providing non-dispensing services to underserved populations.

Pharmacists have shown to increase clinical and humanistic outcomes in medically underserved populations through non-dispensing services. Limited information is available regarding the pharmacy workforce's involvement and ability to serve in this role. The objectives were to measure the proportion of pharmacists working with underserved populations and to assess barriers they encountered when trying to assist.

Evaluation of outcomes of a medication therapy management program for patients with diabetes.

Objective: To measure the impact of an employer-sponsored, pharmacist-provided medication therapy management (MTM) program on clinical outcomes and social and process measures for patients with diabetes with or without associated comorbid conditions.

Methods: Prospective longitudinal study that took place at seven independent pharmacies in Lucas County, OH. A total of 228 patients with diabetes were enrolled.

Evaluating the validity and reliability of a modified survey to assess patient satisfaction with mail-order and community pharmacy settings.

The level of patient-pharmacist interactions and services provided varies across different distribution methods and could affect patient satisfaction with services. Determining patient satisfaction with these medication distribution methods is important for improving care of chronic disease patients. This study evaluated the validity and reliability of a modified survey to assess patient satisfaction with mail-order and community pharmacy settings.

Demographic disparities in patient-reported use of inhaled corticosteroids among patients with persistent asthma.

Background: Despite the presence of existing guidelines, underuse of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) still exists among patients with persistent asthma in the United States. Inappropriate utilization of asthma medications has been attributed as one of the reasons for the significant economic burden due to asthma.

Objectives: To determine the demographic factors predicting patient-reported use of ICSs among patients with asthma.

Assessing the impact of an educational program on decreasing prescribing errors at a university hospital.

Background: Several complex and costly interventions reduce medication errors. Little exists on the effectiveness of providing education and feedback to institutional clinicians as a means of reducing errors.

Objective: To determine the impact on prescribing errors of a pharmacist-led educational intervention.

Physicians' intent to comply with the American Medical Association's guidelines on gifts from the pharmaceutical industry.

Objective: To identify factors that predict physicians' intent to comply with the American Medical Association's (AMA's) ethical guidelines on gifts from the pharmaceutical industry.

Methods: A survey was designed and mailed in June 2004 to a random sample of 850 physicians in Florida, USA, excluding physicians with inactive licences, incomplete addresses, addresses in other states and pretest participants. Factor analysis extracted six factors: attitude towards following the guidelines, subjective norms (eg, peers, patients, etc), facilitating conditions (eg, knowledge of the guidelines, etc), profession-specific precedents (eg, institution's policies, etc), individual-specific precedents (physicians' own discretion, policies, etc) and intent.

Preparing pharmacists for medication therapy management services: designing lementing pharmacist-run diabetes management program in a community setting.

The role of pharmacists in disease management has been well-documented in the face of numerous disease states, including diabetes. Recently, Medicare recognized the pharmacy profession in disease management programs under the Medicare Modernization Act of 2006 with the introduction of medication therapy management (MTM) and Medicare Health Support. Therefore, pharmacists must understand how to design and implement MTM services.

Using the Health Belief Model to test factors affecting patient retention in diabetes-related pharmaceutical care services.

Background: Diabetes is one of the deadliest and most costly diseases. Attrition rates among patients in diabetes management programs may preclude optimal success. Theoretical models, such as the Health Belief Model, may be useful for identifying factors responsible for patients' continued enrollment in such programs.