A multi-epigenomic map of endurance exercise training.

The Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) aims to comprehensively map molecular alterations in response to acute exercise and chronic training. In one of a recent series of papers from MoTrPAC, Nair et al. provide the first multi-epigenomic and transcriptomic integration across eight tissues in both sexes following adaptation to endurance exercise training (EET).

Nutrition knowledge, body image and food security risk amongst development rugby league players.

Background: This study aimed to describe the nutrition knowledge, food security risk and eating disorder risk of development male rugby league players.

Methods: Sixty athletes from one Australian professional rugby league club volunteered. A cross sectional online survey questionnaire consisted of three sections (Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI-3), Nutrition Knowledge and Food Security).

Risk of low energy availability, eating disorders and food insecurity amongst development female rugby league players.

Background: There have been several published studies on the prevalence of low energy availability (LEA) risk amongst North American and European endurance athletes. Yet the prevalence and risk factors amongst rugby league players are less well understood. This study assessed the prevalence of low energy availability risk, eating disorder risk, and food security amongst players from a female National Rugby League squad in Australia.

Ecotoxicological soil risk assessment under the new soil exposure framework - an impact assessment.

For the European risk assessment (RA) for soil organisms exposed to plant protection products (PPPs) endpoints from ecotoxicological laboratory studies are compared with predicted environmental concentrations in soil (PEC) at first tier. A safety margin must be met; otherwise, a higher tier RA is triggered (usually soil organism field studies). A new tiered exposure modeling guidance was published by EFSA to determine PEC.

Ribonucleotides differentially modulate oral glutamate detection thresholds.

The savory or umami taste of the amino acid glutamate is synergistically enhanced by the addition of the purines inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP) and guanosine 5'-monophosphate (GMP) disodium salt. We hypothesized that the addition of purinergic ribonucleotides, along with the pyrimidine ribonucleotides, would decrease the absolute detection threshold of (increase sensitivity to) l-glutamic acid potassium salt (MPG). To test this, we measured both the absolute detection threshold of MPG alone and with a background level (3 mM) of 5 different 5'-ribonucleotides.

Correction: Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Long-Term Breast Cancer Survivors: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/45244.].

Intersectionality, vulnerability and foot health inequity.

Foot health and wellbeing in the UK are often overlooked in healthcare. Foot health outcomes are strongly interlinked to the social determinants of health, in that the way these determinants intersect can impact an individual's vulnerability to foot pain and disorders. In this commentary we explore some social determinants that hinder individuals from improving their foot health behaviour and ultimately reducing foot pain and foot disorder vulnerability.

Intermediate-tier options in the environmental risk assessment of plant protection products for soil invertebrates-Synthesis of a workshop.

The European environmental risk assessment (ERA) of plant protection products follows a tiered approach. The approach for soil invertebrates currently consists of two steps, starting with a Tier 1 assessment based on reproduction toxicity tests with earthworms, springtails, and predatory mites. In case an unacceptable risk is identified at Tier 1, field studies can be conducted as a higher-tier option.

Skeletal muscle memory.

Skeletal muscle memory is an exciting phenomenon gaining significant traction across several scientific communities, among exercise practitioners, and the public. Research has demonstrated that skeletal muscle tissue can be "primed" by earlier positive encounters with exercise training that can enhance adaptation to later retraining, even following significant periods of exercise cessation or detraining. This review will describe and discuss the most recent research investigating the underlying mechanisms of skeletal muscle memory: ) "cellular" muscle memory and, ) "epigenetic" muscle memory, as well as emerging evidence of how these theories may work in synergy.

Exercise is associated with younger methylome and transcriptome profiles in human skeletal muscle.

Exercise training prevents age-related decline in muscle function. Targeting epigenetic aging is a promising actionable mechanism and late-life exercise mitigates epigenetic aging in rodent muscle. Whether exercise training can decelerate, or reverse epigenetic aging in humans is unknown.

Human skeletal muscle methylome after low-carbohydrate energy-balanced exercise.

We aimed to investigate the human skeletal muscle (SkM) DNA methylome after exercise in low-carbohydrate (CHO) energy-balance (with high-fat) conditions compared with exercise in low-CHO energy-deficit (with low-fat) conditions. The objective was to identify novel epigenetically regulated genes and pathways associated with "train-low sleep-low" paradigms. The sleep-low conditions included nine males that cycled to deplete muscle glycogen while reaching a set energy expenditure.

Different Resistance Exercise Loading Paradigms Similarly Affect Skeletal Muscle Gene Expression Patterns of Myostatin-Related Targets and mTORC1 Signaling Markers.

Although transcriptome profiling has been used in several resistance training studies, the associated analytical approaches seldom provide in-depth information on individual genes linked to skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Therefore, a secondary analysis was performed herein on a muscle transcriptomic dataset we previously published involving trained college-aged men (n = 11) performing two resistance exercise bouts in a randomized and crossover fashion. The lower-load bout (30 Fail) consisted of 8 sets of lower body exercises to volitional fatigue using 30% one-repetition maximum (1 RM) loads, whereas the higher-load bout (80 Fail) consisted of the same exercises using 80% 1 RM loads.

Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Long-Term Breast Cancer Survivors: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Anthracycline-based chemotherapy has been mainstay of adjuvant breast cancer therapy for decades. Although effective, anthracyclines place long-term breast cancer survivors at risk of late effects, such as reduced cardiorespiratory fitness and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Previous research has shown beneficial effects of exercise training on cardiorespiratory fitness, but the effects of exercise on limiting factors for cardiorespiratory fitness, cardiovascular risk factors, and patient-reported outcomes in long-term survivors are less clear.

Mimicking exercise in vitro: effects of myotube contractions and mechanical stretch on omics.

The number of studies using skeletal muscle (SkM) cell culture models to study exercise in vitro are rapidly expanding. Progressively, more comprehensive analysis methods, such as different omics approaches including transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have been used to examine the intra- and extracellular molecular responses to exercise mimicking stimuli in cultured myotubes. Among other techniques, exercise-like electrical pulse stimulation (EL-EPS) and mechanical stretch of SkM cells are the two most commonly used methods to mimic exercise in vitro.

Skeletal Muscle DNA Methylation and mRNA Responses to a Bout of Higher versus Lower Load Resistance Exercise in Previously Trained Men.

We sought to determine the skeletal muscle genome-wide DNA methylation and mRNA responses to one bout of lower load (LL) versus higher load (HL) resistance exercise. Trained college-aged males ( = 11, 23 ± 4 years old, 4 ± 3 years self-reported training) performed LL or HL bouts to failure separated by one week. The HL bout (i.

Aerobic exercise training resets the human skeletal muscle methylome 10 years after breast cancer treatment and survival.

Cancer survivors suffer impairments in skeletal muscle in terms of reduced mass and function. Interestingly, human skeletal muscle possesses an epigenetic memory of earlier stimuli, such as exercise. Long-term retention of epigenetic changes in skeletal muscle following cancer survival and/or exercise training has not yet been studied.

Molecular responses to acute exercise and their relevance for adaptations in skeletal muscle to exercise training.

Repeated, episodic bouts of skeletal muscle contraction undertaken frequently as structured exercise training are a potent stimulus for physiological adaptation in many organs. Specifically, in skeletal muscle, remarkable plasticity is demonstrated by the remodeling of muscle structure and function in terms of muscular size, force, endurance, and contractile velocity as a result of the functional demands induced by various types of exercise training. This plasticity, and the mechanistic basis for adaptations to skeletal muscle in response to exercise training, are underpinned by activation and/or repression of molecular pathways and processes in response to each individual acute exercise session.

The Association between Social Vulnerability and Frailty in Community Dwelling Older People: A Systematic Review.

The aim of this systematic literature review was to determine whether social vulnerability is associated with frailty in older people. Databases were searched for literature from January 2001 to March 2022. Hand searches of reference lists of the selected articles were also used to identify other relevant studies.

Single-centre review of the management of intra-thoracic oesophageal perforation in a tertiary oesophageal unit: paradigm shift, short- and long-term outcomes over 15 years.

Background: Oesophageal perforation is an uncommon surgical emergency associated with high morbidity and mortality. The timing and type of intervention is crucial and there has been a major paradigm shift towards minimal invasive management over the last 15 years. Herein, we review our management of spontaneous and iatrogenic oesophageal perforations and assess the short- and long-term outcomes.

Aging, Skeletal Muscle, and Epigenetics.

We are living in an aging society. In 2019, 1 billion individuals were already aged over 60. The number of people in this demographic is predicted to reach 1.

Ubiquitin Ligases in Longevity and Aging Skeletal Muscle.

The development and prevalence of diseases associated with aging presents a global health burden on society. One hallmark of aging is the loss of proteostasis which is caused in part by alterations to the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and lysosome-autophagy system leading to impaired function and maintenance of mass in tissues such as skeletal muscle. In the instance of skeletal muscle, the impairment of function occurs early in the aging process and is dependent on proteostatic mechanisms.

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and the Need for a Meaningful Regulatory Plant Protection Product Testing Strategy.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) perform key soil ecosystem services and, because of their symbiotic relationship with plant roots, may be exposed to the plant protection products (PPPs) applied to soils and crops. In 2017, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) released a scientific opinion addressing the state of the science on risk assessment of PPPs for in-soil organisms, recommending the inclusion of AMF ecotoxicological testing in the PPP regulatory process. However, it is not clear how this can be implemented in a tiered, robust, and ecologically relevant manner.