Combining the RCAS/tv-a retrovirus and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing systems to generate primary mouse models of diffuse midline glioma.

Diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are lethal brain tumors that arise in children and young adults, resulting in a median survival of less than two years. Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) are critical to studying tumorigenesis and tumor-immune interactions, which may inform new treatment approaches. However, current midline glioma GEMM approaches are limited in their ability to multiplex perturbations and/or target specific cell lineages in the brain for genetic manipulation.

Trends in use of outpatient minimally-invasive adrenalectomy: A population-based analysis.

Purpose: To examine temporal trends and outcomes of outpatient adrenalectomy in a population-based sample.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's State Inpatient and State Ambulatory Surgery Databases, 2016-2020. Patients undergoing minimally invasive adrenalectomy were identified using billing codes.

Spatio-temporal reconstruction of gene expression patterns in developing mice.

Understanding gene regulation in organism development is crucial in biology. Techniques like whole-mount in situ hybridization can reveal spatial gene expression in organs and tissues. However, capturing time-lapse movies of gene expression dynamics in embryos developing in utero, such as mice, remains technically challenging beyond the early stages.

Retrospective cohort study of trends in the use of outpatient parathyroidectomy by surgical indication.

Background: A shift toward outpatient parathyroidectomy was seen in the early 2000s. Recent trends, especially for secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism, have not been described. This study evaluates temporal trends in same-day, overnight, and inpatient parathyroidectomy by surgical indication.

The α-globin super-enhancer acts in an orientation-dependent manner.

Individual enhancers are defined as short genomic regulatory elements, bound by transcription factors, and able to activate cell-specific gene expression at a distance, in an orientation-independent manner. Within mammalian genomes, enhancer-like elements may be found individually or within clusters referred to as locus control regions or super-enhancers (SEs). While these behave similarly to individual enhancers with respect to cell specificity, distribution and distance, their orientation-dependence has not been formally tested.

Colorectal Cancer and Quality of Life: A Medicare Advantage Study by Race, Ethnicity, and Language.

Background And Methods: Colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment can influence health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This study examined HRQOL among older adults undergoing CRC treatment, and the conditional effects of race, ethnicity, and primary language. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of Medicare Advantage enrollees ≥ 65 years old who completed the Medicare Health Outcomes Survey (MHOS) (2016-2020).

Long-range organization of intestinal 2D-crypts using exogenous Wnt3a micropatterning.

Intestinal epithelial cells are segregated into proliferative crypts and differentiated regions. This organization relies on specific signals, including Wnt3a, which regulates cell proliferation within crypts, and Eph/Ephrin, which dictates cell positioning along the crypt-villus axis. However, studying how the spatial distributions of these signals influences crypt-villus organization is challenging both in vitro and in vivo.

Weather Patterns, Patient, and Appointment Characteristics Associated with Cancellations and No-Shows in a Glaucoma Clinic.

Purpose: To identify factors that are associated with no-shows and cancellations in a glaucoma clinic.

Methods: Retrospective observational study of patients seen at a glaucoma clinic over a two-year period (6/2017-5/2019). Demographics and clinic information were recorded from the electronic medical record.

Early autonomous patterning of the anteroposterior axis in gastruloids.

Minimal in vitro systems composed of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have been shown to recapitulate the establishment of the anteroposterior (AP) axis. In contrast to the native embryo, ESC aggregates - such as gastruloids - can break symmetry, which is demarcated by polarization of the mesodermal marker T, autonomously without any localized external cues. However, associated earliest patterning events, such as the spatial restriction of cell fates and concomitant transcriptional changes, remain poorly understood.

A comparison of clinical and radiographic outcomes between isolated total talus replacement and combined total talus replacement with total ankle arthroplasty or hindfoot arthrodesis.

Total talus replacement (TTR) is a viable surgical option in the setting of talar avascular necrosis and collapse, as well as a revision option for failed total ankle arthroplasty with talar implant subsidence. The purpose of the present study was to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes following isolated TTR and TTR combined with total ankle arthroplasty or hindfoot arthrodesis. Patients who underwent TTR were retrospectively reviewed, as a multicenter consecutive case series.

Wall-Eyed Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia: History and Hypothesis.

Background: Most patients with internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) are orthotropic, although a subset is exotropic. When INO is bilateral, this is termed wall-eyed bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia (WEBINO). In 1979, Sharpe described his "first case" of wall-eyed monocular internuclear ophthalmoplegia (WEMINO) as "a unique clinical syndrome" characterized by unilateral INO and ipsilateral exotropia.

Trends in general surgeon operative practice patterns in a modern cohort.

Introduction: Analyzing general surgeons' operative case mix can provide an update on contemporary practice patterns and inform pragmatic residency training.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of general surgeons in Florida, Iowa, and Maryland, 2016-2020. Cases were identified using billing codes.

Strengthening emergency department response to chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear disasters: A scoping review.

Introduction: Natural hazards resulting in disasters are increasing globally, impacting communities and disrupting industries. In addition to planning for these natural hazard disasters, emergency departments (EDs) should prepare for chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) incidents that result in surges of patient presentations. Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear incidents differ in preparedness to natural hazards, requiring an understanding of patient management and health system-related challenges.

Versatile system cores as a conceptual basis for generality in cell and developmental biology.

The discovery of general principles underlying the complexity and diversity of cellular and developmental systems is a central and long-standing aim of biology. While new technologies collect data at an ever-accelerating rate, there is growing concern that conceptual progress is not keeping pace. We contend that this is due to a paucity of conceptual frameworks that support meaningful generalizations.

Effects of Nesting Material and Housing Parameters on Feed Wastage Behavior in Female Swiss Webster Mice.

Feed wastage in laboratory mice, also known as chewing or grinding behavior, is problematic for program management and animal welfare. The destruction of pelleted feed without consumption produces a powder accumulation on the cage floor called orts. Ort accumulation disrupts the cage microenvironment and can clog Lixits resulting in flooding.

Minimally invasive colorectal cancer surgery: an observational study of medicare advantage and fee-for-service beneficiaries.

Background: Enrollment of Medicare beneficiaries in medicare advantage (MA) plans has been steadily increasing. Prior research has shown differences in healthcare access and outcomes based on Medicare enrollment status. This study sought to compare utilization of minimally invasive colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery and postoperative outcomes between MA and Fee-for-Service (FFS) beneficiaries.

Indications and Outcomes of Laser Retinopexy in Eyes With High-Risk Lattice Degeneration.

To examine the characteristics of eyes with high-risk lattice degeneration treated with laser retinopexy and determine the indications, safety, and outcomes of the treatment. This interventional single-surgeon consecutive retrospective study was conducted at Wills Eye Hospital between 2014 and 2021. The series included eyes with lattice degeneration with high-risk lesions.

The EphA2 Receptor Regulates Invasiveness and Drug Sensitivity in Canine and Human Osteosarcoma Cells.

Osteosarcoma is an aggressive bone cancer affecting both humans and dogs, often leading to pulmonary metastasis. Despite surgery and chemotherapy being the primary treatment modalities, survival rates remain low in both species, underscoring the urgent need for more efficacious therapeutic options. Accumulating evidence indicates numerous biological and clinical similarities between human and canine osteosarcoma, making it an ideal choice for comparative oncological research that should benefit both species.

Revisiting the Relationship Between Tumor Size and Risk in Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

Large tumor size is associated with poorer outcomes in well-differentiated thyroid cancer, yet it remains unclear whether size >4 cm alone confers increased risk, independent of other markers of aggressive disease. The goal of this study was to assess the relationship between tumor size, other high-risk histopathological features, and survival in well-differentiated thyroid cancer and to evaluate the significance of 4 cm as a cutoff for management decisions. Patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer were identified from the National Cancer Database (2010-2015) and categorized by tumor size (i.

The influence of primary language on postoperative stroke outcomes.

Background: Language barriers have the potential to influence acute stroke outcomes. Thus, we examined postoperative stroke outcomes among non-English primary language speakers.

Methods: Utilizing the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Database (2016-2019), we conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults diagnosed with a postoperative stroke in Michigan, Maryland, and New Jersey.

Thyroid Eye Disease: Pilot Study Comparison Between Patients in United States-Based and India-Based Practices.

Purpose: Thyroid eye disease (TED) phenotype varies by ethnicity/race and genetic/environmental factors. This study compared demographic and clinical characteristics of TED patients from the US and India.

Design: Observational pilot study .

The role of public policy in reducing moped and scooter injuries in South Carolina.

Introduction: Mopeds and electric scooters have grown in popularity in recent years. A South Carolina (SC) law was passed on November 19, 2018, aimed to regulate mopeds and scooters. This study aims to evaluate whether this SC law was associated with a decrease in the moped injury rate in a Level 1 Trauma Center.

Investigating behaviour from early- to mid-childhood and its association with academic outcomes in a cohort of children born at risk of neonatal hypoglycaemia.

High rates of academic underachievement at 9-10 years have been identified in children born at risk of neonatal hypoglycaemia. This study investigated the stability of behaviour from early to mid-childhood and how this relates to academic outcomes in children born with at least one risk factor of neonatal hypoglycaemia in Aotearoa, New Zealand. Behaviour data was collected using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Child Behaviour Checklist 1.

Belonging in Surgery: A Validated Instrument and Single Institutional Pilot.

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop and validate an instrument to measure Belonging in Surgery among surgical residents.

Background: Belonging is the essential human need to maintain meaningful relationships and connections to one's community. Increased belongingness is associated with better well-being, job performance, and motivation to learn.