The world's largest High Arctic lake responds rapidly to climate warming.

Using a whole-watershed approach and a combination of historical, contemporary, modeled and paleolimnological datasets, we show that the High Arctic's largest lake by volume (Lake Hazen) has succumbed to climate warming with only a ~1 °C relative increase in summer air temperatures. This warming deepened the soil active layer and triggered large mass losses from the watershed's glaciers, resulting in a ~10 times increase in delivery of glacial meltwaters, sediment, organic carbon and legacy contaminants to Lake Hazen, a >70% decrease in lake water residence time, and near certainty of summer ice-free conditions. Concomitantly, the community assemblage of diatom primary producers in the lake shifted dramatically with declining ice cover, from shoreline benthic to open-water planktonic species, and the physiological condition of the only fish species in the lake, Arctic Char, declined significantly.

Colorectal cancer beliefs, knowledge, and screening among Filipino, Hmong, and Korean Americans.

Background: To the authors' knowledge, there are few studies to date regarding colorectal cancer (CRC) beliefs, knowledge, and screening among multiple Asian American populations, who are reported to have lower CRC screening rates compared with white individuals. The current study was performed to assess knowledge and beliefs regarding the causes of CRC, its prevention, and factors associated with CRC screening among 3 Asian American groups.

Methods: The authors conducted an in-language survey with Filipino (Honolulu, Hawaii), Hmong (Sacramento, California), and Korean (Los Angeles, California) Americans aged 50 to 75 years who were sampled through social networks.

Implementation of the Neonatal Sepsis Calculator in an Australian Tertiary Perinatal Centre.

Background: Early-onset sepsis (EOS) is a potentially fatal condition that affects about 0.3-0.8/1,000 infants born at ≥35 weeks' gestation in developed countries.

Reporting the incidence of unplanned extubation in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Aim: The aim of this study was to highlight the incidence of unplanned extubation (UE) and identify associated factors in our neonatal population.

Methods: This study was a prospective audit.

Results: A specifically designed audit tool was used to capture UE events; 182 neonates required mechanical ventilation for 863 days.

The Relationship Between Soldier Performance on the Two-Mile Run and the 20-m Shuttle Run Test.

Background: The 20-m shuttle run test (MSRT) is a common field test used to measure aerobic fitness in controlled environments. The U.S.

Secular Trends in the Physical Fitness of United States Army Infantry Units and Infantry Soldiers, 1976-2015.

Introduction: The purpose of this investigation was to examine changes over time in the physical fitness of the United States (US) Army infantry. A systematic review was conducted to identify and analyze articles and databases that reported on physical characteristics (height, weight, and body mass index) and/or Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT) scores of male infantrymen or men in infantry units.

Materials And Methods: The National Library of Medicine's PubMed and the Defense Technical Information Center were searched using specific keywords.

Methodology and preliminary results of a systematic literature review of ante-mortem and post-mortem diagnostic tests for bovine tuberculosis.

A systematic review was conducted to identify studies with data for statistical meta-analyses of sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of ante-mortem and post-mortem diagnostic tests for bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in cattle. Members of a working group (WG) developed and tested search criteria and developed a standardised two-stage review process, to identify primary studies with numerator and denominator data for test performance and an agreed range of covariate data. No limits were applied to year, language, region or type of test in initial searches of electronic databases.

Preadolescents' Daily Peer Victimization and Perceived Social Competence: Moderating Effects of Classroom Aggression.

Few studies have assessed children's daily peer experiences, and even fewer have considered their daily self-perceptions. This daily diary study examined relations between preadolescents' daily reports of peer victimization and perceived social competence, along with moderating effects of classroom aggression. A racially diverse sample of 182 children in 5th grade (105 boys; age = 10.

The meninges as barriers and facilitators for the movement of fluid, cells and pathogens related to the rodent and human CNS.

Meninges that surround the CNS consist of an outer fibrous sheet of dura mater (pachymeninx) that is also the inner periosteum of the skull. Underlying the dura are the arachnoid and pia mater (leptomeninges) that form the boundaries of the subarachnoid space. In this review we (1) examine the development of leptomeninges and their role as barriers and facilitators in the foetal CNS.

Mechanism and Determinants of Amphipathic Helix-Containing Protein Targeting to Lipid Droplets.

Cytosolic lipid droplets (LDs) are the main storage organelles for metabolic energy in most cells. They are unusual organelles that are bounded by a phospholipid monolayer and specific surface proteins, including key enzymes of lipid and energy metabolism. Proteins targeting LDs from the cytoplasm often contain amphipathic helices, but how they bind to LDs is not well understood.

Characterization of erythrocyte membrane tension for hemolysis prediction in complex flows.

Hemolysis is a persistent issue with blood-contacting devices. Many experimental and theoretical contributions over the last few decades have increased insight into the mechanisms of hemolysis in both laminar and turbulent flows, with the ultimate goal of developing a comprehensive, mechanistic hemolysis model. Many models assume that hemolysis scales with a resultant, scalar stress representing all components of the fluid stress tensor.

A Survey of the Advancing Use and Development of Machine Learning in Smart Manufacturing.

Machine learning (ML) (a subset of artificial intelligence that focuses on autonomous computer knowledge gain) is actively being used across many domains, such as entertainment, commerce, and increasingly in industrial settings. The wide applicability and low barriers for development of these algorithms are allowing for innovations, once thought unattainable, to be realized in an ever more digital world. As these innovations continue across industries, the manufacturing industry has also begun to gain benefits.

Developing a hierarchical decomposition methodology to increase manufacturing process and equipment health awareness.

Manufacturing systems are becoming increasingly complex as more advanced and emerging technologies are integrated into the factory floor to yield new processes or increase the efficiency of existing processes. As greater complexity is formed across the factory, new relationships are often generated that can lead to advanced capabilities, yet produce unforeseen faults and failures. Industrial robot arm work cells within the manufacturing environment present increasing complexity, emergent technologies, new relationships, and unpredicted faults/failures.

Characterization of Ras k 1 a novel major allergen in Indian mackerel and identification of parvalbumin as the major fish allergen in 33 Asia-Pacific fish species.

Background: Fish is a well-recognized cause of food allergy and anaphylaxis. The evolutionary and taxonomic diversity of the various consumed fish species pose a challenge in the identification and characterization of the major fish allergens critical for reliable diagnostics. Globally, fish is a rising cause of food allergy complicated by a large under-investigated variety of species as well as increasing global tourism and trade.

Phenotypic dissection of the mouse knockout by complementation with human renin.

Normal renin synthesis and secretion is important for the maintenance of juxtaglomerular apparatus architecture. Mice lacking a functional gene are devoid of renal juxtaglomerular cell granules and exhibit an altered macula densa morphology. Due to the species-specificity of renin activity, transgenic mice are ideal models for experimentally investigating and manipulating expression patterns of the human renin gene in a native cellular environment without confounding renin-angiotensin system interactions.

Dissemination of 2014 dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) trial results: a systematic review of scholarly and media attention over 7 months.

Objective: To explore how the results from the 2014 dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) trial were disseminated to the scientific community and online media.

Design: A a systematic review of scholarly and public attention surrounding the DAPT study.

Settings: Data were collected from the ISI Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar, PubMed Commons, EurekAlert, the DAPT study website (www.

The STROBE extensions: protocol for a qualitative assessment of content and a survey of endorsement.

Introduction: The STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement was developed in response to inadequate reporting of observational studies. In recent years, several extensions to STROBE have been created to provide more nuanced field-specific guidance for authors. The content and the prevalence of extension endorsement have not yet been assessed.

U.S. Army physical demands study: Identification and validation of the physically demanding tasks of combat arms occupations.

Objectives: In 2013, the U.S. Army began developing physical tests to predict a recruit's ability to perform the critical, physically demanding tasks (CPDTs) of combat arms jobs previously not open to women.

The perivascular pathways for influx of cerebrospinal fluid are most efficient in the midbrain.

Although there are no conventional lymphatic vessels in the brain, fluid and solutes drain along basement membranes (BMs) of cerebral capillaries and arteries towards the subarachnoid space and cervical lymph nodes. Convective influx/glymphatic entry of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the brain parenchyma occurs along the pial-glial BMs of arteries. This project tested the hypotheses that pial-glial BM of arteries are thicker in the midbrain, allowing more glymphatic entry of CSF.

The structure of the perivascular compartment in the old canine brain: a case study.

Dilatation of periarteriolar spaces in MRI of the ageing human brains occurs in white matter (WM), basal ganglia and midbrain but not in cerebral cortex. Perivenous collagenous occurs in periventricular but not in subcortical WM.Here we test the hypotheses that (a) the capacity for dilatation of periarteriolar spaces correlates with the anatomical distribution of leptomeningeal cells coating intracerebral arteries and (b) the regional development of perivenous collagenous in the WM correlates with the population of intramural cells in the walls of veins.

U.S. Army physical demands study: Prevalence and frequency of performing physically demanding tasks in deployed and non-deployed settings.

Objectives: To compare percentages of on-duty time spent performing physically demanding soldier tasks in non-deployed and deployed settings, and secondarily examine the number of physically demanding tasks performed among five Army combat arms occupational specialties.

Design: Job task analysis.

Methods: Soldiers (n=1295; over 99% serving on active duty) across five Army jobs completed one of three questionnaires developed using reviews of job and task related documents, input from subject matter experts, observation of task performance, and conduct of focus groups.

Survival and neurodevelopmental outcomes in extremely preterm infants 22-24 weeks of gestation born in Western Australia.

Aim: The management of births at borderline viability continues to present dilemmas for health professionals and parents. The aim of the study was to review local outcomes of infants born between 22 and 24 weeks of gestation between 2004 and 2010 in Western Australia (WA) to aid perinatal counselling.

Methods: Survival data for the study were sourced retrospectively from the Neonatal Clinical Care Unit and Department of Health records of births in WA.