Opposing GPCR signaling programs protein intake setpoint in Drosophila.

Animals defend a target level for their fundamental needs, including food, water, and sleep. Deviation from the target range, or "setpoint," triggers motivated behaviors to eliminate that difference. Whether and how the setpoint itself is encoded remains enigmatic for all motivated behaviors.

The association between delayed amniotomy and adverse outcomes in labor induction.

Objective: To assess if delayed amniotomy during labor induction is associated with adverse delivery outcomes.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study of women with a viable, singleton gestation who underwent labor induction at a tertiary-care hospital (4/2014-3/2017). Women were excluded if oxytocin was not used or if spontaneous rupture of membranes (ROM) occurred ≤8 h after oxytocin initiation.

Diagnosis and Management of Congenital Uterine Anomalies in Pregnancy.

Importance: Congenital uterine anomalies (CUAs) are strongly associated with adverse fertility and pregnancy outcomes. Health care providers must be able to diagnose these anomalies, understand their impact, and counsel women on interventions that might improve rates of pregnancy and live birth.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to characterize CUAs and their effects on adverse fertility and pregnancy outcomes, to describe the best imaging modalities to diagnose specific uterine anomalies, and to learn about interventions that may improve the reproductive outcomes of infertile and pregnant women.

Aminoglycoside ototoxicity in Nicaraguan children: patient risk factors and mitochondrial DNA results.

Objective: Aminoglycoside ototoxicity remains a major problem in developing countries and accounts for 3 percent to 30 percent of hearing loss. This high prevalence rate may be related to genetic susceptibility from mitochondrial mutations in the 12S rRNA gene, comorbidity factors, or unregulated use of the medication. This study investigates the risk factors and prevalence of mtDNA mutations in serum from rural Nicaragua children with aminoglycoside-related hearing loss.

Prevalence and etiology of hearing loss in rural Nicaraguan children.

Objective/hypothesis: The prevalence and causes of pediatric hearing loss (HL) in the developing world are largely unknown. Infectious sequelae, ototoxic medications, and genetic causes may play a larger role in developing countries. In addition, the significance of GJB2 mutation gene in poorly developed areas remains unclear.