Postoperative CT surveillance in the evaluation of local recurrence after sub-lobar resection of neoplastic lesions of the lung.

Objective: As indications for sub-lobar resections increase, it will become more important to identify risk factors for postsurgical recurrence. We investigated retrospectively the association between local recurrence after sub-lobar resection of neoplastic lung lesions and pre- and post-operative CT imaging and pathologic features.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed retrospectively neoplastic lung lesions with postoperative chest CT surveillance of sub-lobar resections in 2006-2016.

Practice patterns in reporting interstitial lung abnormality at a tertiary academic medical center.

Purpose: Interstitial lung abnormality (ILA) is a common finding on chest CTs and is associated with higher all-cause mortality. The 2020 Fleischner Society position paper standardized the terminology and definition of ILA. Despite these published guidelines, the extent to which radiologists use this term is unknown.

How Does Pruning Impact Long-Tailed Multi-label Medical Image Classifiers?

Pruning has emerged as a powerful technique for compressing deep neural networks, reducing memory usage and inference time without significantly affecting overall performance. However, the nuanced ways in which pruning impacts model behavior are not well understood, particularly for , datasets commonly found in clinical settings. This knowledge gap could have dangerous implications when deploying a pruned model for diagnosis, where unexpected model behavior could impact patient well-being.

How Does Pruning Impact Long-Tailed Multi-Label Medical Image Classifiers?

Pruning has emerged as a powerful technique for compressing deep neural networks, reducing memory usage and inference time without significantly affecting overall performance. However, the nuanced ways in which pruning impacts model behavior are not well understood, particularly for , datasets commonly found in clinical settings. This knowledge gap could have dangerous implications when deploying a pruned model for diagnosis, where unexpected model behavior could impact patient well-being.

Malignant and Benign Tracheobronchial Neoplasms: Comprehensive Review with Radiologic, Bronchoscopic, and Pathologic Correlation.

Tracheobronchial neoplasms are much less common than lung parenchymal neoplasms but can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. They include a broad differential of both malignant and benign entities, extending far beyond more commonly known pathologic conditions such as squamous cell carcinoma and carcinoid tumor. Airway lesions may be incidental findings at imaging or manifest with symptoms related to airway narrowing or mucosal irritation, invasion of adjacent structures, or distant metastatic disease.

Granulomatous lymphadenitis in the inferior pulmonary ligament.

The inferior pulmonary ligament and related connective tissue septa are a recognizable site of granulomatous lymphadenitis on CT of the chest and may mimic a lung parenchymal lesion. The anatomy of the inferior pulmonary ligament, CT appearances and potential etiologies of this entity are reviewed and illustrated.

Barotrauma in COVID 19: Incidence, pathophysiology, and effect on prognosis.

Objectives: To investigate the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of barotrauma (pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema) in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients. To describe the chest radiography patterns of barotrauma and understand the development in relation to mechanical ventilation and patient mortality.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 363 patients with COVID-19 from March 1 to April 8, 2020.

Management of Incidental Pulmonary Nodules: Influencing Patient Care Through Subspecialized Imaging Review.

Objective: To evaluate whether thoracic radiologist review of computed tomography-detected incidental pulmonary nodules initially reported by non-thoracic imagers would change management recommendations.

Materials And Methods: The Radiology Consultation Service identified 468 computed tomography scans (one per patient) performed through the adult emergency department from August 2018 through December 2020 that mentioned the presence of a pulmonary nodule. Forty percent (186/468) were read by thoracic radiologists and 60% (282/468) were read by non-thoracic radiologists.

Radiology Implementation Considerations for Artificial Intelligence (AI) Applied to COVID-19, From the Special Series on AI Applications.

Hundreds of imaging-based artificial intelligence (AI) models have been developed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. AI systems that incorporate imaging have shown promise in primary detection, severity grading, and prognostication of outcomes in COVID-19, and have enabled integration of imaging with a broad range of additional clinical and epidemiologic data. However, systematic reviews of AI models applied to COVID-19 medical imaging have highlighted problems in the field, including methodologic issues and problems in real-world deployment.

Influence of coronary dominance on coronary artery calcification burden.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of coronary artery dominance on observed coronary artery calcification burden in outpatients presenting for coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA).

Methods: A 12-month retrospective review was performed of all CCTAs at a single institution. Coronary arterial dominance, Agatston score and presence or absence of cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension (HTN), hyperlipidemia (HLD), diabetes and smoking were recorded.

Portable Chest Radiography as an Exclusionary Test for Adverse Clinical Outcomes During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: Chest radiography (CXR) often is performed in the acute setting to help understand the extent of respiratory disease in patients with COVID-19, but a clearly defined role for negative chest radiograph results in assessing patients has not been described.

Research Question: Is portable CXR an effective exclusionary test for future adverse clinical outcomes in patients suspected of having COVID-19?

Study Design And Methods: Charts of consecutive patients suspected of having COVID-19 at five EDs in New York City between March 19, 2020, and April 23, 2020, were reviewed. Patients were categorized based on absence of findings on initial CXR.

Spontaneous subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum in non-intubated patients with COVID-19.

Purpose: We describe the presenting characteristics and hospital course of 11 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) patients who developed spontaneous subcutaneous emphysema (SE) with or without pneumomediastinum (SPM) in the absence of prior mechanical ventilation.

Materials And Methods: A total of 11 non-intubated COVID-19 patients (8 male and 3 female, median age 61 years) developed SE and SPM between March 15 and April 30, 2020 at a multi-center urban health system in New York City. Demographics (age, gender, smoking status, comorbid conditions, and body-mass index), clinical variables (temperature, oxygen saturation, and symptoms), and laboratory values (white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, and peak interleukin-6) were collected.

Artificial intelligence-enabled rapid diagnosis of COVID-19 patients.

For diagnosis of COVID-19, a SARS-CoV-2 virus-specific reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test is routinely used. However, this test can take up to two days to complete, serial testing may be required to rule out the possibility of false negative results, and there is currently a shortage of RT-PCR test kits, underscoring the urgent need for alternative methods for rapid and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 patients. Chest computed tomography (CT) is a valuable component in the evaluation of patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Screening Mammography: Guidelines versus Clinical Practice.

Objective: To understand physicians' comprehension of breast cancer screening guidelines and the existing literature on breast cancer screening, and whether this contributes to how patient screening is implemented in clinical practice.

Methods: A survey of 18 questions was distributed across the United States via e-mail and social media resources to physicians and medical students of all disciplines and levels of training. Responses from 728 physicians and medical students were reviewed.

CT Features of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in 30 Pediatric Patients.

The purpose of this study is to characterize the CT findings of 30 children from mainland China who had laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Although recent American College of Radiology recommendations assert that CT should not be used as a screening or diagnostic tool for patients with suspected COVID-19, radiologists should be familiar with the imaging appearance of this disease to identify its presence in patients undergoing CT for other reasons. We retrospectively reviewed the CT findings and clinical symptoms of 30 pediatric patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who were seen at six centers in China from January 23, 2020, to February 8, 2020.

Artificial intelligence-enabled rapid diagnosis of patients with COVID-19.

For diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a SARS-CoV-2 virus-specific reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test is routinely used. However, this test can take up to 2 d to complete, serial testing may be required to rule out the possibility of false negative results and there is currently a shortage of RT-PCR test kits, underscoring the urgent need for alternative methods for rapid and accurate diagnosis of patients with COVID-19. Chest computed tomography (CT) is a valuable component in the evaluation of patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection.

BI-RADS 3: Current and Future Use of Probably Benign.

Purpose Of Review: Probably benign (BI-RADS 3) causes confusion for interpreting physicians and referring physicians and can induce significant patient anxiety. The best uses and evidence for using this assessment category in mammography, breast ultrasound, and breast MRI will be reviewed; the reader will have a better understanding of how and when to use BI-RADS 3.

Recent Findings: Interobserver variability in the use of BI-RADS 3 has been documented.

The implantable loop recorder and its mammographic appearance: A case based approach.

The normal radiographic appearance of implantable loop recorders has been illustrated in the radiology literature; however, their mammographic appearance has not been described. Breast imagers should become familiar with the appearance of loop recorders in order to create an accurate report. In this paper we report 3 cases of patients with implantable loop recorders who underwent mammography.

Can Discrepancies Between Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography and Cardiac Catheterization in High-Risk Patients be Overcome With Consensus Reading?

Objective: To assess the incidence and cause of discrepancies between coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) and catheterization in a high-risk, diverse, predominantly overweight inner-city population.

Methods: Ninety-two patients who underwent coronary CTA and catheterization on March 2007 to December 2012 were retrospectively identified. Clinical coronary CTA interpretation and reinterpretation by a review panel was compared with catheterization results.