A study of residual lesions in horses that recovered from clinical signs of chronic equine dysautonomia.

Background: Equine dysautonomia (ED) causes degeneration and loss of autonomic neurons. Approximately 50% of chronic cases recover, but it is unclear how they survive neuronal loss.

Objectives: To assess lesions, autonomic neuron numbers, interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), and neurodegeneration in recovered cases.

Low-dose acetaminophen induces early disruption of cell-cell tight junctions in human hepatic cells and mouse liver.

Dysfunction of cell-cell tight junction (TJ) adhesions is a major feature in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Liver TJs preserve cellular polarity by delimiting functional bile-canalicular structures, forming the blood-biliary barrier. In acetaminophen-hepatotoxicity, the mechanism by which tissue cohesion and polarity are affected remains unclear.

Promoting ethical research practices: perspectives from pediatric populations.

Engaging in research activities can be an enriching aspect of one's professional career. Research serves to advance the knowledge base from which clinical decisions are founded and is the responsibility of all who provide clinical services. That is, developing and advancing this knowledge base is everyone's responsibility, whether as consumers of research or as direct contributors of research.

Research integrity in communication sciences and disorders: preface.

Purpose: A joint program on Research on Research Integrity sponsored by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and the Office of Research Integrity encouraged the examination of practices and policies promoting the responsible conduct of research (RCR). The authors' grant--Research Integrity in ASHA: Education and Publication--enabled American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's (ASHA) Research Integrity Grant Group to (a) identify patterns of teaching and learning in Communication Sciences and Disorders graduate programs about specific topics of research integrity on the conduct of science, (b) examine perceptions about concepts of research integrity as they apply to scientific journals within the discipline, and (c) evaluate policies and practices established by ASHA to protect the integrity of published scientific work.

Method: The authors reviewed historical and contemporary literature, conducted surveys, and analyzed ASHA policies.

Responsible conduct of research in communication sciences and disorders: faculty and student perceptions.

Purpose: Two Web-based surveys (Surveys I and II) were used to assess perceptions of faculty and students in Communication Sciences and Disorders (CSD) regarding the responsible conduct of research (RCR).

Method: Survey questions addressed 9 RCR domains thought important to the responsible conduct of research: (a) human subjects protections; (b) research involving animals; (c) publication practices and responsible authorship; (d) mentor/trainee responsibilities; (e) collaborative science; (f) peer review; (g) data acquisition, management, sharing, and ownership; (h) conflicts of interest; and (i) research misconduct. Respondents rated each of 37 topics for importance and for sufficiency of instructional coverage.

Research Integrity in Communication Sciences and Disorders.

PURPOSE: A joint program on "research on research integrity" sponsored by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and the Office of Research Integrity (ORI) encouraged the examination of practices and policies promoting the responsible conduct of research (RCR). Our grant, Research Integrity in ASHA: Education and Publication (#NS44534), enabled ASHA's Research Integrity Grant Group (a) to identify patterns of teaching and learning in communication sciences and disorders graduate programs about specific topics of research integrity on the conduct of science, (b) to examine perceptions about concepts of research integrity as they apply to scientific journals within the discipline, and (c) to evaluate policies and practices established by ASHA to protect the integrity of published scientific work. METHOD: Historical and contemporary literature were reviewed, surveys were conducted, and ASHA policies were analyzed.

Ethical principles associated with the publication of research in ASHA's scholarly journals: importance and adequacy of coverage.

Purpose: The purpose of this 2-part study was to determine the importance of specific topics relating to publication ethics and adequacy of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's (ASHA's) policies regarding these topics.

Method: A 56-item Web-based survey was sent to (a) ASHA journal editors, associate editors, and members of the Publications Board (Group 1); (b) authors, reviewers, and members of ASHA's Board of Ethics (Group 2); and (c) a random sample of the ASHA membership, characterized as journal readers (Group 3). The survey contained 4 questions related to ethical principles associated with the publication of research: (a) In regard to scientific integrity in research publications in general, how important is the issue of [topic]? (b) Should ASHA publication policies address this issue? (c) Do ASHA policies address this issue? (d) If yes, how adequately do ASHA policies address this issue? A second study evaluated the contents of ASHA's publication policy documents in regard to their coverage of the survey topics.

Reminiscence group activities and discourse interaction in Alzheimer's disease.

Reminiscence is an enriching and complex experience having many purposes and functions when used with patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Discourse is a component of language that has been shown to decline in patients with AD (Mentis, Briggs-Whittaker, & Gramigna, 1995). This article represents one of the first studies to examine the effects of reminiscence group (RG) activities on discourse interactions in patients with AD.