Elucidation of chemical profiles and molecular targets of Mondia whitei leave fractions bioactive as novel therapeutics: an in vitro and in silico assay.

Background: Mondia whitei root is often used in Africa as a local therapeutic agent for libido enhancement. The fractions of the M. whitei leaves (MWL) lack chemical characterization of their bioactive components and possible molecular targets.

Epidemiology of neurodegenerative diseases in the East African region: A meta-analysis.

Introduction: There is a scarcity of epidemiological data on neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) in East Africa. This meta-analysis provides the regional prevalence of NDs, their contributing factors, and evidence of change over time concerning gender per age or year.

Methods: Articles were retrieved from electronic databases following the PRISMA standard.

Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Quinine in Healthy Subjects and in Patients with Uncomplicated Malaria in Nigeria: Analysis of Data using a Population Approach.

Background: The varied disposition of the antimalarial quinine partly explains its poor tolerance and toxicity in humans.

Objective: Using a population approach, the disposition of quinine in healthy subjects and patients with acute uncomplicated symptomatic malaria from Nigeria was re-examined with a view to providing population-specific attributes.

Methods: Concentration versus time profiles of quinine over 48 hours in healthy individuals, and over 7 days in malaria-infected patients, were stratified to reflect: concentration versus time data during the first 48 hours of quinine administration for healthy subjects and infected patients, concentration versus time data after 48 hours in infected patients, and all concentration versus time data available for healthy subjects and infected patients.

In vitro modulation of cytochrome P450 isozymes and pharmacokinetics of caffeine by extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn calyx.

Background Hibiscus sabdariffa beverage (HSB) is widely consumed as a medicinal herb and sometimes used concomitantly with drugs. This study evaluated the in vitro inhibitory potential of the aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa calyces (AEHS) on selected cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes and the effect of HSB on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine in vivo.

Therapeutic Potentials and Cytochrome P450-Mediated Interactions Involving Herbal Products Indicated for Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: There has been an increase in the use of herbal products to complement conventional drugs in the treatment of various diseases especially in developing countries. This may be attributable to the potential cost-effectiveness and ease of accessibility of these products as well as the perception of their safety profiles. However, there are numerous literature reports on herbs altering the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of other co-administered drugs thereby modulating the therapeutic outcomes.

Evaluation of CYP2D6 phenotype in the Yoruba Nigerian population.

Background: There is a lack of information on CYP2D6, a major metabolizing enzyme, in Africa ethnic nationalities. The objective was to determine CYP2D6 phenotype in Yoruba Nigerians using dextromethorphan (DEX).

Method: A total of 89 healthy volunteers received 30 mg of DEX orally followed by blood and urine sample collection at 3-hour and over 8 h post-dose, respectively.

Alteration of the Disposition of Quinine in Healthy Volunteers After Concurrent Ciprofloxacin Administration.

This study evaluated the effects of concurrent ciprofloxacin administration on the disposition of quinine in healthy volunteers. Quinine (600-mg single dose) was administered either alone or with the 11th dose of ciprofloxacin (500 mg every 12 hours for 7 days) to 15 healthy volunteers in a crossover fashion. Blood samples collected at predetermined time intervals were analyzed for quinine and its major metabolite, 3-hydroxquinine, using a validated high-performance liquid chromatographic method.

Effect of dehusked Garcinia kola seeds on the overall pharmacokinetics of quinine in healthy Nigerian volunteers.

We investigated the effect of concurrent ingestion of Garcinia kola seed on the pharmacokinetics of quinine. In a randomized crossover study, 24 healthy Nigerian volunteers were assigned into 2 groups (A and B; n = 12 per group) on the basis of G. kola dose orally ingested.