Disparities in Smoking Behavior by Race/Ethnicity in 10 Diverse Communities in Chicago: Findings from Sinai Community Health Survey 2.0.

Disparities in smoking prevalence persist among and within racial/ethnic groups in the U.S. This study aimed to identify racial/ethnic smoking behavior disparities in Chicago between 2015 and 2016.

Nonfatal Firearm Violence Trends on the Westside of Chicago Between 2005 and 2016.

This paper examines the epidemiology of nonfatal firearm violence (NFFV) on the Westside of Chicago over three finite time periods: 2005-2008, 2009-2012, and 2013-2016. The trend analysis will look at any significant changes over the time periods and describe the demographic characteristics of NFFV. A descriptive analysis of Mount Sinai Hospital (MSH) Emergency Department (ED) data was conducted.

The Impact of Race and Neighborhood Racial Composition on Preventable Readmissions for Diabetic Medicare Home Health Beneficiaries.

Background: The recommended home health financial penalty program for preventable readmission does not factor race/ethnicity and neighborhood racial compositions into the determination of preventable readmission rates. Home health agencies may avoid beneficiaries from certain racial/ethnic groups and neighborhoods if these two factors have an effect on preventable readmissions. We examined the association between preventable readmissions with race/ethnicity and neighborhood racial composition.

Improving diabetic patient transition to home healthcare: leading risk factors for 30-day readmission.

Objectives: To identify risk factors of 30-day readmissions due to ambulatory care-sensitive conditions (ACSCs) for diabetic Medicare home healthcare beneficiaries in order to improve transition from hospital-based care to home healthcare.

Study Design: We analyzed diabetic Medicare beneficiaries who received home healthcare within 14 days of hospital discharges in 2009. The unit of analysis is the home health episode for post acute care.

Healthcare Coordination and Transition for Individuals with Genetic Conditions.

This study aimed to examine insurance coverage, use of the healthcare system, satisfaction with care, transition from pediatric to adult healthcare services, and social and emotional support for individuals with genetic conditions. In June 2013, the National Genetics Education and Consumer Network surveyed US individuals with genetic conditions about their healthcare experiences. Chi square statistics were used to compare use of the healthcare system, satisfaction, social and emotional support of children (0-17 years) and adults (18 + years) with genetic conditions.

Psychiatric disorders and treatment in low-income pregnant women.

Aims: This study estimated the prevalence of twenty-two 12-month and lifetime psychiatric disorders in a sample of 744 low-income pregnant women and the frequency that women with psychiatric disorders received treatment.

Method: To identify psychiatric disorders, the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) was administered to Medicaid or Medicaid-eligible pregnant women enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC). The sample was stratified by the rural or urban location of the WIC sites in southeastern Missouri and the city of St.

Psychiatric disorders among low-income women and unintended pregnancies.

Background: The prevalence of both unintended pregnancy and psychiatric disorders in pregnancy is high. Each is associated with compromised birth outcomes and challenges in child-rearing. This study examines the relationship between mental illness and unintended pregnancy in seeking to improve the care provided to women and our ability to minimize the number of children born unwanted or ill-cared for.

Influence of season and temperature on the relationship of elemental carbon air pollution to pediatric asthma emergency room visits.

Previous studies have demonstrated an association between air pollution and asthma exacerbation. Less understood is the effect of elemental carbon (EC), and the interaction of EC with temperature, on increases in pediatric asthma emergency department visits and how these relationships change across the seasons in a metropolitan area with several industries and relatively low air pollution. Measurements of EC, ozone (O(3)), sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), and total oxides of nitrogen (NO(x)) were available from the St.

Trends in the prevalence of chronic medication use in children: 2002-2005.

Objective: Our goal was to estimate the quarterly prevalence of and evaluate trends for chronic medication use in children.

Patients And Methods: A cross-sectional study of ambulatory prescription claims data from 2002 to 2005 was conducted for a nationally representative sample of >3.5 million commercially insured children who were 5 to 19 years old.

Associations between psychiatric disorders and menstrual cycle characteristics.

An understanding of the relationship between psychiatric disorders and menstrual characteristics is important to the assessment and care of women. Menstrual cycle regularity and length have significant associations with specific current and lifetime psychiatric disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether psychiatric disorders are associated with menstrual cycle length or regularity.

There's no place like home: a preliminary study of toddler unintentional injury.

This household-based study of 100 parents documents the type and frequency of home toddler unintentional injury and describes parental supervision at the time of injury. Also included is a home assessment for injury-related hazards, parental report of the use of home safety measures, and an 8-week phone survey. The mean number of child injuries was 2.

Persistent tobacco use during pregnancy and the likelihood of psychiatric disorders.

Objectives: We examined the association between psychiatric disorders and tobacco use during pregnancy.

Methods: Data were derived from a population-based cohort of 744 pregnant African American and White low-income women living in urban and rural areas. The Diagnostic Interview Schedule was used to assess women for 20 different psychiatric disorders.

Intermediate term biochemical progression rates after radical prostatectomy and radiotherapy in patients with screen detected prostate cancer.

Purpose: We compared biochemical progression rates measured by increasing prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels using a standard definition of biochemical recurrence among patients with screen detected prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) or radiotherapy (RT).

Materials And Methods: A total of 1,939 patients diagnosed with clinically localized prostate cancer in a community based screening study from 1989 to 1998, followed through 2001, were treated with RP or RT and agreed to enroll in a followup study. This prospective cohort study (median followup 62 months, range 0.

Safety and immunogenicity of haemophilus influenzae type B polysaccharide or conjugate vaccines in an elderly adult population.

Objectives: To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of unconjugated Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) polysaccharide (PRP) vaccine and two PRP-protein-conjugated vaccines as a model for the comparison of protein-conjugated versus plain polysaccharide vaccines in the elderly.

Design: Randomized, double-blind, prospective study.

Setting: University-based center for vaccine research and development.

Posttraumatic stress disorder in pregnancy: prevalence, risk factors, and treatment.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and its treatment in economically disadvantaged pregnant women.

Methods: The sample included 744 pregnant Medicaid-eligible women from Women, Infants and Children Supplemental Nutrition Program sites in 5 counties in rural Missouri and the city of St. Louis.

Evidence for probable sexual transmission of the hepatitis g virus.

A cross-sectional epidemiology study evaluated the role of sexual activity and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the transmission of hepatitis G virus (HGV/GBV-C) and other hepatitis virus infections in 944 subjects. There was a statistically significant higher prevalence of HGV/GBV-C, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus exposure in the STD clinic group (i.e.

Effects of hemoglobin concentration and temperature on the in vitro release of cyanide from sodium nitroprusside.

Purpose: This in vitro study was performed to determine whether changes in hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and temperature influenced the amount of cyanide (CN) released from sodium nitroprusside (SNP).

Methods: Canine whole blood with a Hb concentration of 8.5 to 18.