A Review of Meta-Analyses of Prevention Strategies for Problematic Cannabis Use.

Purpose Of Review: This narrative review summarizes research-to-date on strategies to prevent problematic cannabis use.

Recent Findings: Ten meta-analytic reviews of cannabis use prevention strategies published after 2010 were identified for this review. The meta-analytic reviews were based on studies evaluating the effectiveness of school-based programs, online/digital interventions, mass-media approaches, culturally specific interventions, and brief interventions.

Did the association between alcohol outlet density and crime change during COVID shelter-in-place orders?

Introduction: We investigated whether greater concentrations of on- and off-sale alcohol outlets were associated with crime and whether this association was moderated by COVID-19 shelter-in-place orders (SIP) that restricted on-premises consumption of alcohol.

Methods: Crimes (2019-2020) and addresses of licenced alcohol outlets in a medium-sized California city were geocoded within census block groups (N = 61). On- and off-sale alcohol outlet density was calculated as licenced outlets/2.

Recreational Marijuana Legalization, Local Retail Availability, and Alcohol and Marijuana Use and Co-Use Among California High School Students.

Objective: This study examined whether recreational marijuana legalization (RML) and local retail availability were associated with marijuana and alcohol use and co-use among adolescents.

Method: We investigated associations between RML and past-30-day marijuana and alcohol use and co-use, and moderating effects of retail availability of marijuana and alcohol, using data from the 2010-2011 to 2018-2019 California Healthy Kids Surveys (CHKS) of 9th and 11th grade students in 38 California cities. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression analyses were conducted, controlling for secular trends and student and city demographics.

Determining a dosage threshold of drink-driving enforcement operations: A systematic review.

Issues: Policy enforcement is crucial to achieve impacts on alcohol-related harm. It is not clear what level of enforcement intensity or 'dosage' is necessary for addressing drink driving and related harms. Given competing enforcement demands and agencies' resource constraints, understanding how much enforcement is sufficient to deter drink driving is critical.

How Scientists Perceive CRISPR's Translational Promise and the Implications for Individuals with Genetic Conditions.

CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) somatic genome editing, an important promissory technology, presents a case study of the movement of basic scientists into translational research. In this paper, we explore how scientists experience the pulls of CRISPR's power and the pushes of economic and societal pressures in adopting new translational roles. Given basic scientists' emerging contact with and influence upon individuals with genetic conditions, we also examine how scientists understand the perspectives of affected populations, both as potential subjects of early experiments and as the patients who could receive future treatments.

Effects of a Community-Level Intervention on Alcohol-Related Motor Vehicle Crashes in California Cities: A Randomized Trial.

Introduction: This trial assesses the effects of a community-level alcohol prevention intervention in California on alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes.

Study Design: The study is a group RCT with cities as the unit of assignment to condition and as the unit of analysis.

Setting/participants: A total of 24 California cities with populations between 50,000 and 450,000 were chosen at random and roughly matched into pairs before randomly assigning 12 each to the intervention and control conditions.

Societal and Ethical Impacts of Germline Genome Editing: How Can We Secure Human Rights?

Genome editing has opened up the possibility of heritable alteration of the human germline. The potential of this powerful tool has spurred a call for establishing robust regulatory frameworks to outline permissible uses of genome editing and to map a rational and ethical course. In response, major national scientific bodies and international organizations have convened and released comprehensive reports outlining recommendations for ethical regulatory frameworks.